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. 2016 Apr 12;8(4):215. doi: 10.3390/nu8040215

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Autophagy is dispensable for protective effects of glutamine deficiency. (A) Primary macrophages were isolated from WT (ATG5 flx/flx) or ATG5KO (ATG5 flx/flx-LysM-Cre) followed by stimulation with BSA-PBS or palm-PLS in the presense or absence of glutamine. The levels of LC3 and p62 protein protein expression were assessed by western blotting. Actin is shown as a protein loading control; (B) pMACs from WT and ATG5KO mice were stimulated as indicated and cell death was determinded at 30 h using annexin-PI flow cytometry. The bar graph reports the mean ± SE for a minimum of 3 experiments, each performed in triplicate. *, p < 0.05 for WT vs. ATG5KO.