Table 4.
Cytokine production from OVA-stimulated MLN lymphocytes and from gut lavage. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 6–9). Statistical difference: ** means a statistical difference with respect to reference diet (p < 0.01 by two-way ANOVA); # p < 0.05 compared with RF/R group by Bonferroni test. N.D. means non detectable levels.
| Sample | Cytokine | Group 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RF/R | RF/C | OVA/R | OVA/C | ||
| MLN | IFN-γ | 1.000 ± 0.110 | 1.484 ± 0.661 | 2.158 ± 0.843 | 1.521 ± 0.323 |
| MLN | IL-4 | 1.000 ± 0.080 | 0.807 ± 0.113 | 0.895 ± 0.083 | 0.768 ± 0.110 |
| MLN | TNF-α | 1.000 ± 0.065 | 0.860 ± 0.040 | 1.033 ± 0.087 | 0.901 ± 0.089 |
| MLN | IL-10 | 1.000 ± 0.042 | 1.106 ± 0.133 | 1.584 ± 0.302 | 1.241 ± 0.033 |
| gut lavage | IFN-γ | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
| gut lavage | IL-4 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
| gut lavage | TNF-α | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
| gut lavage | IL-10 | 1.000 ± 0.586 | 17.512 ± 3.783 # | 25.177 ± 3.151 ** | 17.060 ± 3.739 |
1 Groups: RF/R (reference group: vehicle and AIN-93M diet); RF/C (reference cocoa group: vehicle and 10% cocoa diet); OVA/R (sensitized group: OVA plus CT and AIN-93M diet); and OVA/C (sensitized cocoa group: OVA plus CT and 10% cocoa diet).