Figure 2.

Pathway enrichment analysis between HIV ⁺ and HIV ^– subjects with low lung diffusing capacity. Each sphere designates an enriched gene set with red indicating that member genes were up‐regulated in HIV ⁺ patients and blue indicating up‐regulation in HIV ^– subjects. The topology of this network has similarities with Figure 1, but notice the much larger module populated by immune and inflammatory pathways enriched in HIV ⁺ patients (“Immunity Module”) including interleukin pathways, innate immunity, and toll‐like receptor signaling. This finding implies that when compared to their DLCO‐matched HIV ^– controls, a broader repertoire of immune‐associated pathways and genes are up‐regulated in HIV ⁺ patients with low DLCO compared to HIV ⁺ patients with preserved DLCO (Figure 2 vs. Figure 1). Selected gene sets have been labeled and full list is available in Table S2.