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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2016 Mar 1;6(1):39–66. doi: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150178

Figure 1. The CRISPR-Cas9 System for Genome Editing.

Figure 1

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has two components, the single guide RNA and the Cas9 nuclease. The guide RNA provides target specificity by Watson-Crick base pairing with the protospacer sequence located in the genome DNA target site, along with the “NGG” PAM sequence adjacent to and immediately 3′ from the protospacer sequence of the non complementary strand. Shown in black fond is the sgRNA in its conventional backbone (Cong et al., 2013; Jinek et al., 2012) and colored in pink the two modifications (“A-U flip” and “stem loop extension”) from the improved sgRNA backbone (Chen et al., 2013).