Table 1.

Predominant localization of the major metabolic functions and proteins in zones of hepatocytes

Periportal zone		Perivenous zone		References
Metabolic function	Protein	Metabolic function	Protein
Lipid metabolism
Fatty-acid oxidation, Cholesterol synthesis	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, CPI	Lipogenesis	ACC, ACL, FAS,	[10–12, 14, 15, 56, 57]
		Ketogenesis	β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
		Bile acid synthesis
Glucose metabolism
Gluconeogenesis	G6Pas, FBPas, PEPCK, Lactate dehydrogenase	Glycolysis	GK, PKL	[10, 11, 55, 58],
Glycogen synthesis
	Alanine aminotransferase
Ammonia and aminoacid utilization
Urea synthesis, Aminoacid degradation	CPS1, OTC, ASS, Arg, TAT, SerDH, Alanine aminotransferase	Glutamine synthesis	GS	[10, 11, 55, 59–61]
	Aspartate aminotranferase
Xenobiotic metabolism
		Monooxygenation, Glucuronidation	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases	[11, 55]
			GST, sulfotransferases

Abbreviations: CPI carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACL ATP citrate lyase, FAS fatty acid synthase, G6Pas glucose-6-phosphatase, FBPas fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, GK glucokinase, PK _L pyruvate kinase isoenzyme L, CPS1 carbamoylphosphate synthetase, OTC ornithine carbamoyl transferas, ASS arginine succinate synthetase, Arg1 Arginase 1, TAT tyrosine aminotransferase, SerDH serine dehydratase, GS glutamine synthase, GST glutathione S-transferase