Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of patients at the baseline.
| Variable | Total (n = 206) | Patients with HAND (n = 97) | Patients without HAND (n = 109) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 175 (85) | 88 (90.7) | 87 (79.8) | 0.03 |
| Age. years. Mean (±SD) | 40.2 (10.4) | 42.4 (10.2) | 38.2 (10.2) | 0.03 |
| Median (IQR) | 39 (33–48) | 39 (33–47.5) | 39 (33–47.2) | |
| Risk factors: | n.s. | |||
| heterosexual intercourse (%) | 124 (60.2) | 64 (66.0) | 60 (55.0) | n.s. |
| homo/bisexual intercourse (%) | 82 (39.8) | 33 (34.0) | 49 (45.0) | n.s. |
| injection drug users (%) | 39 (18.9) | 21 (21.6) | 18 (16.5) | n.s. |
| Co-infection | ||||
| HBV (%) | 29 (14.1) | 21 (21.6) | 8 (7.3) | 0.03 |
| HCV (%) | 17 (8.3) | 12 (12.4) | 5 (4.6) | 0.04 |
| Psychiatric medications (%) | 21 (10.2) | 15 (15.5) | 6 (5.5) | 0.02 |
| Alcoholic abuse (%) | 41 (19.9) | 23 (23.7) | 18 (16.5) | n.s. |
| Education years Mean (±SD) | 11.1 (3.7) | 10 (3.2) | 12 (3.9) | 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 11 (8–13) | 11 (8–13) | 11 (8–13) | |
| CD4+ T-cell/µL Mean (±SD) | 370 (276) | 331 (274) | 405 (275) | 0.054 |
| Median (IQR) | 321 (163–545) | 304 (151–537) | 301 (148–535) | |
| HIVRNA copies/mL Mean (±SD) | 112,566 (289,971) | 130,212 (358,380) | 96,861 (211,916) | n.s. |
| Median (IQR) | 15,095 (1377–90,668) | 12,255 (1044–82,485) | 11,080 (1042–78,135) | |
| CDC class C (%) | 29 (14.1) | 21 (21.6) | 8 (7.3) | 0.003 |
| MMSE low score (%) | 18 (8.7) | 14 (14.4) | 4 (3.7) | 0.006 |
HAND: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV; hepatitis C virus; IQR: Interquartile range; CDC: Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; MMSE: mini mental state examination; n.s.: no significative.