Table 4.

Significant bacterial changes following probiotic consumption (↑ and ↓ denote increase or decrease in variable, respectively).

Intervention/Treatment	Model Used	Non-Microbiome Changes	Bacterial Changes	Reference
Probiotic—oligofructose and Bifidobacterium species	Mice	↓ Endotoxemia	↑ Bifidobacterium	[81]
		Improved glucose tolerance
Probiotic—Bifidobacterium longum	Rat	↓ Endotoxemia	↑ Bifidobacterium	[185]
		↓ Inflammation
		↓ Intestinal myeloperoxidase
		↓ Body Weight
		↓ Fat Depots
		↓ Systolic Blood Pressure
		Improve insulin sensitivity
Probiotic—Bifidobacterium longum or Lactobacillus acidophilus	Rat	↓ Hepatic Lipids	↑ Bifidobacterium longum	[188]
			↑ Lactobacillus acidophilus
Probiotic—Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum	Mice	↓ Cholesterol	↑ Bifidobacterium	[192]
		↓ Triglycerides	↓ Enterobacteria
		↓ Glucose levels
		↓ Insulin resistance
		↓ Leptin
		↓ Inflammation
		↓ Hepatic Lipids
Probiotic—Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum	Mice	↓ Inflammation	↓ Firmicutes	[194]
		↓ Endotoxemia	↓ Proteobacteria
		↓ B cells
		↓ Macrophages
		↓ Cholesterol
		↓ Body Weight Gain
		↓ Triglycerides
		↓ Insulin resistance
Probiotic—Bifidobacterium breve	Mice	↑ Propionate	↑ Clostridiaceae	[205]
			↓ Eubacteriaceae