Table 1.

Summary of results: quantitative PCR, zeta potential, and particle size.

Analysis	MAN37 Silica-Coated	MAN127 PVP-Coated	MAN158 Phosphate-Coated	MAN164 Tripolyphosphate-Coated
qPCR analysis (copies ± SD) *	1.48 × 107 ± 0.32 × 107	4.17 × 109 ± 1.68 × 109	3.14 × 106 ± 2.43 × 106	1.91 × 109 ± 0.32 × 109
Binding percentage **	0.6%	166.9%	0.1%	76.5%
Zeta potential ζ (mV)	+5.55 ± 2.10	+2.46 ± 0.30	+1.95 ± 0.69	+1.78 ± 1.73
Zeta potential ζ in presence of DNA (mV)	−0.04 ± 0.31	−0.29 ± 0.34	+1.72 ± 0.73	−1.25 ± 1.75
Zeta potential ζ change	decreased	decreased	-	decreased
Particle size (µm)	0.48 ± 0.07	2.97 ± 0.18	3.67 ± 0.40	2.93 ± 0.55
Particle size in presence of DNA (µm)	0.44 ± 0.09	3.05 ± 0.77	3.82 ± 0.25	4.81 ± 0.73
Particle size change	-	-	-	increased

* Final DNA elution volume was 40 µL while 1 µL was used in each qPCR analysis. A factor of ×40 was used in calculation of total DNA amount retrieved; ** Binding percentage = total DNA amount retrieved/initial DNA amount × 100%. The initial amount of DNA was 10¹¹ copies.