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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is intact in smad3-expressing heptocelluar carcinoma (HCC) cells. (A) The expression of smad3 in HCC cell lines was detected by Western blot; (B) Stable overexpression of smad3 in SMMC-7721 cells and knockdown of smad3 in HCC-LM3 cells were confirmed by Western blot. Smad3 phosphorylation was activated upon TGF-β treatment in smad3-expressing cells. All of the experiments were performed three times and representative pictures are shown.
