Table 1.

Prospective studies relating the Mediterranean diet to cognitive change and incident dementia

Study	n	Outcome	Resultb	Score metric
MAP (Morris et al.15,23)	960	Alzheimer’s disease	↓	Greek
		global cognition	↓
Greek (Trichopoulou et al.57)	401	MMSE	↓	Greek
Swedes (Olsson et al.13)	1138	dementia	–	within population
MAP (Tangney et al.37)	960	global cognition	↓	Greek
HealthABC (Koyama et al.56)	2326	3MS	↓	Greek
REGARDS (Tsivgoulis et al.16)	17,478	SIS	↓	within population
WHS (Samieri et al.19)	6174	global cognition	–	within population
Cache Co (Wengreen et al.21)	3831	3MS	–	within population
WACS (Vercambre et al.20)	2504	global cognition	–	within population
NHS (Samieri et al.17)	16,058	global cognition	–	within population
CHAP (Tangney et al.12)	3,790	global cognition	↓	Greek
Mayo Clinic (Roberts et al.18)	1233	MCI	–	within population
3 Cities (Feart et al.22)	1410	MMSE/3 testsa	±	within population
		dementia	–
WHICAP (Scarmeas et al.58)	1884	Alzheimer’s disease	↓	within population

^aThe three tests are the Isaacs Set Test, Benton Visual Retention Test, and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.

^b↓ = reduced cognitive decline or reduced incidence of dementia; – = no association.

Abbreviations: MAP, Memory and Aging Project; REGARDS, Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke; WHS, Women’s Health Study; Cache Co, Cache County Study on Memory, Health, and Aging; WACS, Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; CHAP, Chicago Health and Aging Project; WHICAP, Washington Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Examination; 3MS, Modified Mini Mental State Examination; SIS, Six-Item Screener; MCI, incident mild cognitive impairment.