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Building blocks of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell. The single chain (scFv) targeting moiety is taken from the antigen-binding domain of antibodies, fused to the CD3ζ transmembrane and intracellular signaling domains from the T-cell receptor complex; this is the first-generation CAR. Later, additional intracellular signaling domains were added for costimulatory signals, such as the CD28 and 41BB signaling domains, to yield second- and third-generation CARs.
