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. 2015 Apr 1;1:15001. doi: 10.1038/npjschz.2015.1

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the diagnostic groups.

  HC (n=58) SB (n=30) SZ (n=24) Test statistic P
Age (years) 28.8±1.0 31.4±1.2 31.1±0.7 F=2.04 0.14
Gender (M/F) 35/23 17/13 19/5 χ 2=3.39 0.18
Participant’s education level 7.2±0.2 6.3±0.3 4.8±0.4 F=15.10 <0.001
Father’s education level 5.2±0.5 5.6±0.5 5.4±0.5 F=0.23 0.80
Mother’s education level 4.9±0.5 5.4±0.4 4.6±0.5 F=0.85 0.43
Cigarette smokers 2 13 12 F=1.68 0.20
Cigarettes per day 3.5±1.5 10.4±2.1 14.3±3.7 F=1.16 0.33
Duration of illness (years)     6.2±0.9    
Paranoid/disorganized/undifferentiated type     23/0/0    
Schizoaffective disorder     1    
Chlorpromazine equivalent doses (mg)     321.5±53.4    
PANSS positive symptoms score     14.5±0.8    
PANSS negative symptoms score     13.3±0.7    
PANSS general symptoms score     27.0±1.1    
History of depressive episode   4      

Abbreviations: F, female; HC, healthy controls; M, male; PANNS, positive and negative syndrome scale; SB, unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients; SZ, schizophrenia patients.

Values represent mean±s.e.m. Level of education was measured on a 9-point scale ranging from no education (0) to university degree (8).