Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study subjects.
| Schizophrenia; N (%) | Control; N (%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | 51 | 51 | — |
| Male | 30 (58.8) | 30 (58.8) | >0.999 |
| Female | 21 (41.2) | 21 (41.2) | >0.999 |
| Caucasian ethnicity | 33 (64.7) | 38 (74.5) | 0.110 |
|
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 0.160 |
| Diabetes | 2 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 0.558 |
| Dyslipidemia | 10 (19.6) | 2 (3.9) | 0.014 |
| Current smokers | 23 (45.1) | 22 (43.1) | 0.842 |
| Family history of CVD | 20 (39.2) | 19 (37.2) | 0.839 |
| Metabolic syndrome (ATP III definition)a | 15 (29.4) | 3 (5.9) | 0.002 |
|
Psychotropic medications | |||
| Antipsychotic medication use | 51 (100) | n/a | |
| Antidepressant medication use | 14 (27.4) | n/a | — |
| Mood stabilizers | 7 (13.7) | n/a | — |
| Benzodiazepines | 5 (9.8) | n/a | — |
| Anticholinergic medication use | 6 (11.8) | n/a | — |
|
Other medications | |||
| Antihypertensive medication use | 6 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 0.012 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use | 9 (17.7) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| Antidiabetic medication use | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 0.160 |
| Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.1 | 7.1 | 33.9 | 7.9 | 0.442 |
| Disease duration (years) | 13.5 | 6.8 | n/a | — | |
| Mean body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.7 | 7.5 | 24.9 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.0 | 15.0 | 80.6 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm HG) | 114.5 | 11.9 | 117.7 | 12.5 | 0.186 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm HG) | 75.2 | 8.6 | 73.9 | 8.1 | 0.443 |
| Pack years of smoking | 7.32 | 8.117 | 2.259 | 4.302 | <0.001 |
| Median | 25th, 75th percentile | Median | 25th, 75th percentile | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total physical activity (MET*min/week) | 1,830 | (1,094, 3,545) | 2,680 | (1,201, 7,011) | 0.115 |
Abbreviations: ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III; cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
a
ATP III definition (three of five required): waist circumference >102 cm for males, >88 cm for females; blood pressure ⩾130/85 mm Hg; HDL<1.04 mmol/l for males, <1.29 for females; triglycerides ⩾1.7 mmol/l; fasting glucose ⩾6.1 mmol/l.