Table 1. Mean, s.d. and group differences for demographic data, questionnaire data, and rating scores of the emotion regulation task and descriptives of medication status and psychotic symptoms.
HC (n=16) Mean±s.d. | UHR (n=15) Mean±s.d. | Test statistic | Confidence interval (95%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics
| ||||||
Gender (% male) | 50% | 53% | χ 2(1)=0.02 | P=0.88 | −0.32 | 0.38 |
Age (in years) | 22.1±3.6 | 23.1±4.4 | t(29)=−0.70 | P=0.49 | −4.0 | 2.0 |
Educationa | 5.4±0.6 | 5.2±09 | t(29)=0.88 | P=0.37 | −0.31 | 0.79 |
Handedness (% right) | 75% | 80% | χ 2(1)=0.02 | P=0.88 | −0.26 | 0.34 |
PANAS
| ||||||
Positive affect | 33.4±5.4 | 30.0±7.7 | t(29)=1.48 | P=0.15 | −1.33 | 8.34 |
Negative affect | 12.4±2.0 | 22.3±6.7 | t(16.3)=−5.5 | P<0.001b , c | −13.75 | −6.16 |
ERQ
| ||||||
Reappraisal | 5.1±1.0 | 4.2±09 | t(29)=2.74 | P=0.01b | 0.24 | 1.63 |
Suppression | 4.5±1.7 | 4.1±1.2 | t(29)=0.85 | P=0.40 | −0.62 | 1.52 |
Rating scores
| ||||||
Attend neutral | 1.1±02 | 1.3±04 | U=64.0 | P=0.03d | ||
Attend negative | 2.4±05 | 2.5±07 | U=108.5 | P=0.65 | ||
Reappraise | 1.8±04 | 2.1±06 | U=86.5 | P=0.18 | ||
Current medication status (n)
| ||||||
Antipsychotics | 0 | 0 | ||||
Antidepressants (SSRI) | 0 | 4 | ||||
Methylphenidate | 0 | 2 | ||||
Other medication | 1 | 1 | ||||
PANSS
| ||||||
Positive symptoms | NA | 13.1±2.7 | ||||
Negative symptoms | NA | 10.5±2.5 | ||||
General symptoms | NA | 28.3±6.1 | ||||
DSM diagnosis (n)
| ||||||
MDD | 3 | |||||
Depressive disorder nos | NA | 1 | ||||
Adjustment disorder | NA | 4 | ||||
Personality disorder nos | NA | 1 | ||||
OCD | NA | 1 | ||||
Eating disorder nos | NA | 1 | ||||
ADHD | NA | 1 | ||||
PTSD | NA | 1 | ||||
Learning disorder NOS | NA | 1 | ||||
Unspecified mental disorder (non-psychotic) | NA | 1 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder; ERQ, Emotion regulation questionnaire; HC, healthy control; MDD, Major depressive disorder; NOS, Not otherwise specified; OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; PANAS, Positive and negative symptom scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; UHR, ultra-high risk.
Education according to Verhage. 57
Significant at P<0.05.
Equal variances not assumed.
Not significant at the corrected P-value of P<0.017.