TABLE 3.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LBW | LBW | LBW | LBW | LBW | Premature | Premature | Premature | Premature | Premature | |
Any chem. | − 0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0018 | 0.0034** | 0.0037*** | − 0.0042*** | − 0.0008 | − 0.0015 | 0.0021 | 0.0023 |
(0.0012) | (0.0012) | (0.0017) | (0.0017) | (0.0017) | (0.0014) | (0.0014) | (0.0019) | (0.0019) | (0.0024) | |
Any contam. | − 0.0006 | 0.0012 | 0.0016 | 0.0032** | 0.0034*** | − 0.0041*** | − 0.0004 | − 0.0015 | 0.0024 | 0.0025 |
(0.0011) | (0.0011) | (0.0015) | (0.0015) | (0.0013) | (0.0013) | (0.0013) | (0.0017) | (0.0017) | (0.0020) | |
No. observations | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 | 521978 |
Full-gestation IV | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
Mom FE | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
Year*month FE | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Cluster SE on mom | x | x | x | x | ||||||
Cluster SE on water | district*year | x | x | x | x |
NOTES: The sample consists of births matched to at least one sibling. Exposure to contaminants during pregnancy is instrumented with potential exposure during the 39 weeks following conception. All regressions include year*month fixed effects and the following indicators: mother’s age (19–24, 25–34, 35+, missing); mother’s race: (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, missing); mother’s education (<12, 12, some college, college+, missing); mother smoked; risk factors for the pregnancy parity; mother married, married missing, child male, weather controls.
p < 0.10,
p < 0.05,
p < 0.001