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. 2015 Oct 12;10(3):382–390. doi: 10.5009/gnl14319

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Copyright © 2016 by The Korean Society of Gastroenterology, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Korean Association the Study of Intestinal Diseases, the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, Korean Pancreatobiliary Association, and Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 7 — The expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the colon as evaluated by immunohistochemistry (×200). (A) Control subjects; (B) irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) patients; (C) irritable bowel syndrome-constipation (IBS-C) patients. (D) An increase in VIP was found in IBS-D patients compared to control subjects, and there was a significant difference between the IBS-D and IBS-C groups. *p<0.05 compared with control subjects; ^†p<0.05 compared with IBS-C patients.