Table 1. Anthropometric and metabolic variables of study cohort classified according the BMI and histopathological characteristics.
| NORMAL-WEIGHT (N = 30) | MORBID OBESITY (N = 97) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean + SD | Mean + SD | |||
| - | NL (N = 18) | NAFLD (N = 79) | SS (n = 41) | NASH (N = 38) | |
| Age (years) | 44.12±7.56 | 43.95±10.26 | 47.07±8.89 | 46.13±9.44 | 48.14±8.21 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.20±7.76* | 111.98±20.89 | 120.29±16.81 | 122.20±16.54 | 118.13±17.07 |
| WC (cm) | 76.10±9.20* | 121.78±22.85 | 128.69±9.86 | 128.15±8.58 | 129.26±11.27 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.83±1.92* | 44.90±9.11 | 47.19±6.33 | 47.88±7.10 | 46.41±5.31 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.33±11.23* | 128.00±14.47 | 132.92±17.35 | 130.03±16.16 | 135.74±18.21 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69.08±9.20* | 74.26±8.47 | 75.32±14.12 | 70.81±12.53 | 79.71±14.34# |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 85.68±14.90* | 86.17±14.01 | 125.66±39.27§ | 122.31±37.56 | 129.37±41.27 |
| Insulin (mUI/L) | 7.26±4.74* | 12.57±8.15 | 19.64±13.98§ | 18.51±13.33 | 20.89±14.74 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.83±0.26* | 4.99±0.47 | 6.14±1.38§ | 6.15±1.28 | 6.12±1.49 |
| HOMA2-IR | 0.98±0.68* | 1.50±1.06 | 2.53±1.67§ | 2.25±1.04 | 2.66±1.89 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 90.32±55.06* | 135.26±66.95 | 175.44±93.13§ | 174.50±101.53 | 176.47±84.22 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 192.05±28.68 | 165.49±29.95 | 175.89±33.00 | 167.07±33.42 | 185.65±30.04# |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 58.64±13.41* | 48.62±13.44 | 39.33±9.92§ | 37.63±10.63 | 41.18±8.86 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.64±25.42* | 88.48±25.16 | 103.73±26.96§ | 97.69±26.48 | 111.05±26.07# |
| AST (U/L) | 21.33±9.85* | 21.86±6.09 | 46.26±32.51§ | 48.34±35.33 | 43.99±29.50 |
| ALT (U/L) | 18.42±8.24* | 20.76±8.18 | 43.33±29.14§ | 47.73±30.93 | 44.78±27.37 |
| GGT (U/L) | 22.92±37.30 | 20.00±21.61 | 38.73±41.37 | 35.36±38.96 | 42.10±43.93 |
| ALP (U/L) | 59.00±21.12* | 60.64±11.41 | 72.10±23.35§ | 69.79±21.80 | 74.73±25.04 |
| Liver histological features | |||||
| Steatosis grade 1/2/3 | - | - | 30/31/18 | 10/20/11 | 20/11/7 |
| Lobular inflammatory grade 0/1/2/3 | - | - | 40/23/14/2 | 40/1/0/0 | 0/22/14/2# |
| Hepatocellular ballooning 0/1/2 | - | - | 40/35/4 | 40/1/0 | 0/34/4# |
| NAFLD activity score | - | - | 3.08±1.51 | 1.98±0.82 | 4.30±1.10# |
| Fibrosis Staging 0/1/2/3/4 | - | - | 65/9/1/1/3 | 39/0/1/0/1 | 26/9/0/1/2 |
NL, normal liver; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SS, simple steatosis; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA2-IR, homeostatic model assessment method-insulin resistance, HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD.
*Significant differences between normal weight controls and morbidly obese group (P < 0.05).
§Significant differences between morbidly obese women without NAFLD and morbidly obese women with NAFLD (P < 0.05).
#Significant differences between SS and NASH (P < 0.05). Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA2-IR) [27].