Table 3. Characteristics of Published Studies Recording Physical Activity via Remote Monitoring for ≥24 hours in People with Parkinson’s Disease.
| Author / Year | Parkinson’s Level of Severity | Device name (Manufacturer) | Modality of the device | Study Design | Mean Age | Experimental group N | Control group N | Monitoring Length | Funding source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancela et al, 2014 [125] | Mild | PERFORM (a*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 11 | N/A | 2–6 days | Government/ Private foundation |
| Cavanaugh et al, 2012 [126] | Mild /moderate | StepWatch activity monitor (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Longitudinal | >50 | 33 | N/A | 7 days—repeated once | Private foundation |
| Chastin et al, 2010 [127] | Mild /moderate | ActivPAL (PAL Technologies Ltd) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 17 | 17 | 7 days | Device manufacturer (Involved—without monetary exchange) |
| Dontje et al, 2013 [128] | Mild | TracmorD (Philips New Wellness Solutions, Lifestyle Incubator) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 467 | N/A | 7 days | Government /Private foundation |
| El-Gohary et al, 2013 [129] | Mild /moderate | Opal sensors (APDM, Inc.) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 12 | 18 | 7 days | Government |
| Ellis et al, 2011 [130] | Moderate /severe | StepWatch activity monitor (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 164 | 96 | 7 days | Government /Private foundation |
| Ford et al, 2010 [131] | Mild /moderate | StepWatch activity monitor (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 51 | 12 | N/A | 7 days | Private foundation |
| Garcia Ruiz & Sanchez Bernardos, 2008 [132] | Mild /moderate | AAM ActiTrac (ActiTrac 8.29 IM Systems) | Both Upper extremity and Walking | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 28 | N/A | 2–6 days | Not reported |
| Hideyuki & Hitoshi, 2011 [133] | Mild /moderate | MVP-A3-05A-SD (MicroStone Corporation), Activity Monitoring And Evaluation System (Solid Brains Co., Ltd) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 9 | N/A | 1 day | Not reported |
| Hideyuki & Hitoshi, 2014 [134] | Mild /moderate | MVP-A3-05A-SD (MicroStone Corporation) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Interventional | >50 | 10 | N/A | 2–6 days | Private foundation |
| Iluz et al, 2014 [135] | Mild /moderate /severe | DynaPort Hybrid, (McRoberts) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 33 | N/A | 2–6 days | Government |
| Lord et al, 2013 [136] | Mild /moderate | ActivPAL (PAL Technologies Ltd) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 89 | 97 | 7 days | Government |
| Moore et al, 2011 [137] | N/A | InvenSense IDG-300 (Freescale Semiconductor MMA7260QT) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 4 | 9 | 1 day | Government /Private foundation |
| Pan et al, 2007 [138] | Mild /severe | ECOLOG (Ruputer Pro, Seiko Instruments) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 19 | 6 | 2–6 days | Government /Private foundation |
| Rochester et al, 2006 [139] | Mild /moderate | Vitaport Activity Monitor (TEMEC Instruments Inc.) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 15 | 10 | 1 day | Private foundation |
| Wallen et al, 2014a [140] | Mild /moderate | ActiGraph GT3X, Yamax LS2000 (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 51 | 61 | 7 days | Private foundation |
| Wallen et al, 2014b [141] | Mild /moderate | ActiGraph GT3X (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 65 | 15 | 7 days | Government |
| Weiss et al, 2014 [142] | Mild /moderate | DynaPort Hybrid system (McRoberts) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 107 | N/A | 2–6 days | Private foundation |
| White et al, 2007 [143] | Mild /moderate | 2 uni-axial (M92962) and 1 bi-axial (M92961) piezo-resistive accelerometers | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Longitudinal | > 50 | 9 | N/A | 24hrs x2, 48 hrs x1 (each separated by 1 week) | Government |
| Yoneyama et al, 2013 [144] | Moderate/Severe | Mimamori-gait system (Mitsubishi Chemical) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Cross-sectional | > 50 | 10 | 17 | 1 day | Not reported |
| Busse et al, 2004 (c*)[145] | N/A | StepWatch activity monitor (b*) | Walking /gait/ LE physical activity | Longitudinal | > 50 | 10 | 10 | 7 days—repeated once | Government |
Abbreviations: N/A = not applicable, ECOLOG = ECOlogical neurobehavior LOGger
(a*) = PERFORM (Multi-parametric system for continuous effective assessment and Monitoring of motor status in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disease)
(b*) = Yamax SW-200 is a pedometer. Manufacturer: Yamax-Digiwalker, HRM USA INC, ActiGraph 7164 and GT3X use accelerometers. Manufacturer: Manufacturing Technology Inc/ Health One Technology, StepWatch activity monitor use accelerometers and microprocessors. Manufacturer: Modus health llc/ or Manufacturers: Orthocare Innovations
(c*) = Study included multiple cohorts with different neurological diagnoses.