Table 2.
Cancer incidence rates across intervals of kidney function and nonfunction
| Cancer Type | Total Cases | Incidence Rate per 100,000 Person-Years (95% CI), by Interval | Adjusted HRd (95% CI) | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist | First Transplant | First Graft Failure | Second or Higher Transplant | Second or Higher Graft Failure | ||||
| Infection-related | ||||||||
| Kaposi sarcoma | 96 | 1.7 (0.75 to 3.4) | 14 (11 to 18) | 1.1 (0.03 to 6.0) | 5 (0.6 to 18) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 9.1 (4.7 to 18) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 1171 | 45 (39 to 52) | 150 (140 to 160) | 26 (17 to 39) | 100 (75 to 140) | 0 (0 to 41) | 3.2 (2.8 to 3.7) | <0.001 |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 81 | 2.6 (1.3 to 4.5) | 11 (8.1 to 14) | 2.2 (0.26 to 7.8) | 9.9 (2.7 to 25) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 3 (1.7 to 5.3) | <0.001 |
| Liver | 196 | 25 (21 to 30) | 11 (8.9 to 15) | 9.7 (4.4 to 18) | 5 (0.6 to 18) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 0.59 (0.44 to 0.80) | 0.001 |
| Stomach | 227 | 20 (16 to 25) | 20 (16 to 24) | 15 (8.3 to 25) | 9.9 (2.7 to 25) | 0 (0 to 41) | 1 (0.80 to 1.4) | 0.78 |
| Oropharynxa | 100 | 8.7 (6.2 to 12) | 8.9 (6.6 to 12) | 4.3 (1.2 to 11) | 9.9 (2.7 to 25) | 0 (0 to 41) | 1.2 (0.79 to 1.8) | 0.42 |
| Anus | 98 | 5.9 (3.9 to 8.5) | 10 (7.7 to 13) | 5.4 (1.8 to 13) | 17 (7 to 36) | 0 (0 to 41) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) | 0.01 |
| Cervix | 74 | 14 (9.6 to 21) | 15 (11 to 21) | 10 (2.8 to 26) | 23 (6.3 to 59) | 28 (0.71 to 160) | 1.2 (0.74 to 1.9) | 0.5 |
| Other genital sitesb | 123 | 6.7 (4.6 to 9.5) | 11 (8.7 to 14) | 12 (5.9 to 21) | 27 (14 to 49) | 44 (12 to 110) | 1.5 (1 to 2.2) | 0.03 |
| Immune-related | ||||||||
| Lung | 1425 | 110 (97 to 120) | 140 (130 to 150) | 81 (64 to 100) | 100 (75 to 140) | 55 (18 to 130) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.4) | <0.001 |
| Melanoma | 447 | 23 (19 to 28) | 54 (48 to 60) | 9.7 (4.4 to 18) | 37 (21 to 61) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.4) | <0.001 |
| Lip | 109 | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.3) | 15 (12 to 19) | 2.2 (0.26 to 7.8) | 12 (4.0 to 29) | 22 (2.7 to 79) | 3.4 (2 to 6) | <0.001 |
| Nonepithelial skinc | 172 | 4.3 (2.6 to 6.7) | 22 (19 to 27) | 7.6 (3.0 to 16) | 35 (19 to 58) | 0 (0 to 41) | 3.8 (2.5 to 5.8) | <0.001 |
| ESRD-related | ||||||||
| Kidney | 2128 | 200 (190 to 220) | 140 (130 to 150) | 300 (270 to 340) | 200 (160 to 250) | 350 (240 to 500) | 0.77 (0.7 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Urinary tract | 414 | 31 (27 to 37) | 39 (34 to 45) | 22 (13 to 33) | 35 (19 to 58) | 55 (18 to 130) | 1.2 (0.95 to 1.4) | 0.13 |
| Thyroid | 497 | 46 (40 to 52) | 34 (29 to 39) | 77 (60 to 97) | 25 (12 to 46) | 66 (24 to 140) | 0.67 (0.56 to 0.81) | <0.001 |
| Other | ||||||||
| Colorectum | 860 | 85 (76 to 93) | 69 (63 to 76) | 47 (34 to 64) | 42 (25 to 67) | 33 (6.8 to 96) | 0.88 (0.76 to 1) | 0.07 |
| Prostate | 1517 | 230 (220 to 250) | 230 (210 to 240) | 130 (98 to 160) | 140 (95 to 200) | 140 (62 to 280) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 0.003 |
| Breast | 918 | 210 (190 to 240) | 170 (160 to 190) | 160 (130 to 210) | 100 (62 to 160) | 250 (120 to 480) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.93) | 0.002 |
| Esophagus | 113 | 8 (5.6 to 11) | 11 (8.1 to 14) | 13 (6.7 to 23) | 2.5 (0.06 to 14) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 1.1 (0.76 to 1.6) | 0.61 |
| Pancreas | 222 | 17 (13 to 21) | 22 (18 to 26) | 11 (5.2 to 20) | 15 (5.4 to 32) | 0 (0 to 41) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2) | 0.004 |
| Uterus | 178 | 37 (29 to 46) | 36 (28 to 44) | 38 (21 to 62) | 40 (16 to 83) | 0 (0 to 100) | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.3) | 0.77 |
| Myeloma | 210 | 20 (16 to 24) | 16 (13 to 20) | 17 (9.9 to 28) | 15 (5.4 to 32) | 22 (2.7 to 79) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.2) | 0.36 |
| Leukemia | 240 | 17 (14 to 21) | 22 (18 to 26) | 25 (16 to 37) | 20 (8.5 to 39) | 11 (0.28 to 61) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 0.25 |
a
Oropharynx cancer includes cancers of the base of tongue, tonsils, and other oropharynx sites.
b
Other genital cancers include cancers of the vagina, vulva, and penis.
c
Nonepithelial skin is defined as skin cancers excluding melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas.
d
The HR compares all kidney function intervals (i.e., transplant intervals) to all kidney nonfunction intervals (waitlist and graft failure intervals), adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, calendar year, and age (which is used as the time scale in the Cox model). Cervical, breast, and uterine cancers were evaluated only among women. Prostate cancer was evaluated only among men.