Table 3.

Results of logistic regression analyses with GEE (N=3,803)

	High level of Physical Aggression	High level of Psychological Aggression
	Odds Ratio	Odds Ratio
Housing Instability
Homeless Episode last wave	1.86**	1.17
Doubled-up Episode last wave	1.10	0.86
Individual Level: Child Factors
Child is female	0.81	0.83
Child has a physical disability	1.07	0.98
Child’s health as fair/poor last wave	1.16	0.58
CBCL internalizing score in the clinical range	1.15	1.25
CBCL externalizing score in the clinical range	2.11***	2.35***
Individual Level: Parent Factors
Black	1.43	1.21
Hispanic	0.76	0.76
Mother is immigrant	0.79	0.46***
Mother w/HS+ education	1.40	1.13
Number of children in household	0.98	0.99
Mother’s age at birth	0.94***	0.97**
Mother was married to child’s father	1.19	1.01
Mother was cohabiting with child father	0.95	0.97
Mother has a health condition that limits ability to work	0.89	0.95
Mother has depression	1.08	1.39**
Mother has drug or alcohol problem	1.32	1.36
Meso Level Variables
Parenting stress	1.37***	1.31***
Partner support scale (range 0–6)	0.98	0.93**
Mother experienced domestic violence	0.97	1.17
Exo Level Variables
Household income (log)	1.08	1.07
Mother received welfare in last 12 months	1.16	1.18
Mother was working	1.24	1.18
% non-Hispanic Black in census tract	1.00	1.00
% foreign-born residents in census tract	0.99*	1.00
% 25+ years w/HS+ education in census tract	0.99	0.99
% families below poverty level in census tract	0.98**	0.99
5 year interview wave	0.80*	0.88
9 year interview wave	0.54***	0.81*
Person-year observations	3,803	3,803
Number of mothers	1,859	1,859

Notes:

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001.