Table 1.
Differential Associations between Cumulative Assessments and a Single Session Assessment of Lifetime AUD Measured at Wave 6 and Clinically and Etiologically Relevant Covariates Measured at Wave 7
| Mean (SD) or Proportion | Single Assessment | Cumulative Session Assessment | Difference between Correlations | ΔR2 Single vs. Cumulative Assessment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Involvement | |||||
| Alcohol Quantity-Frequency (N=361) | .43 (.42) | r = .20*** | r = .31*** | z = −2.60* | ΔR2 = .05*** |
| Heavy Drinking (N=361) | .32 (.71) | r = .25*** | r = .29*** | z = −1.04 | ΔR2 = .03** |
| Alcohol Consequences (N=361) | 1.24 (2.00) | r = .21*** | r = .34*** | z = −3.29** | ΔR2 = .07*** |
| Positive Expectancies (N=361) | 5.79 (3.95) | r = .32*** | r = .40*** | z = −1.87 | ΔR2 = .06*** |
| AUD (N=370) | 35% | ϕ = .43*** | ϕ = .45*** | z = −.58 | ΔR2 = .04*** |
| Other Substance Involvement | |||||
| Illicit Drug Use (N=361) | 30% | ϕ = .24*** | ϕ = .35*** | z = −2.67* | ΔR2 = .06*** |
| Marijuana Use (N=361) | 51% | ϕ = .24*** | ϕ = .33*** | z = −2.34* | ΔR2 = .05*** |
| Cigarette Use (N=370) | 73% | ϕ = .17** | ϕ = .26*** | z = −2.38* | ΔR2 = .04*** |
| Heavy Cigarette Use (N=361) | 30% | ϕ = .19*** | ϕ = .29*** | z = −2.70* | ΔR2 = .05*** |
| DUD (N=370) | 10% | ϕ = .15* | ϕ = .19*** | z = −.84 | ΔR2 = .01* |
| TUD (N=370) | 7% | ϕ = .15** | ϕ = .17*** | z = −.41 | ΔR2 = .01 |
| Drinking Motives | |||||
| Coping (N=361) | 3.75 (3.62) | r = .23*** | r = .30*** | z = −1.60 | ΔR2 = .03*** |
| Enhancement (N=361) | 6.64 (4.03) | r = .29*** | r = .40*** | z = −2.74* | ΔR2 = .07*** |
| Personality Variables | |||||
| NEO-FFI Neuroticism (N=360) | 16.09 (7.42) | r = .07 | r = .11* | z = −.98 | ΔR2 = .01 |
| NEO-FFI Extraversion (N=360) | 29.73 (6.27) | r = −.06 | r = −.03 | z = −.73 | ΔR2 < .01 |
| NEO-FFI Openness (N=360) | 27.63 (6.52) | r = .10 | r = .07 | z = .74 | ΔR2 < .01 |
| NEO-FFI Agreeableness (N=360) | 33.72 (5.82) | r = −.24*** | r = −.31*** | z = 1.79 | ΔR2 = .04*** |
| NEO-FFI Contentiousness (N=360) | 34.14 (5.98) | r = −.06 | r = −0.08 | z = .49 | ΔR2 < .01 |
| Externalizing | |||||
| AAB (N=370) | 30% | ϕ = .28*** | ϕ = .32*** | z = −.95 | ΔR2 = .03** |
| EPI-Impulsivity (N=361) | 3.27 (1.76) | r = .13* | r = .19*** | z = −1.49 | ΔR2 = .02* |
| MacAndrew Scale (N=361) | 20.00 (3.56) | r = .13* | r = .23*** | z = −2.56* | ΔR2 = .04*** |
| Psychiatric Disorders, General Distress, and Self-Esteem | |||||
| MDE (N=366) | 22% | ϕ = .17** | ϕ = .18*** | z = .75 | ΔR2 = .01 |
| Anxiety Disorder (N=370) | 18% | ϕ = .11* | ϕ = .14** | z = .77 | ΔR2 = .01 |
| BSI-GSI (N=361) | .22 (.27) | r = .15* | r = .17** | z = −.56 | ΔR2 < .01 |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem (N=361) | 24.48 (4.61) | r = −.12* | r = −.15* | z = .75 | ΔR2 = .01 |
Note.
p<.05
p<.01
p<.001.
r = Pearson product moment correlation coefficient for continuous variables. ϕ = phi coefficient for binary variables. ΔR2 = change in adjusted R-square for continuous variables and pseudo R-square for categorical variables. The correlation between the single assessment lifetime AUD and the cumulative assessment lifetime AUD ranged between .69-.70 depending on the sample size (N range 360-370) of the correlate assessed in the analysis. AUD = alcohol use disorder. DUD = drug use disorder. TUD = tobacco use disorder. NEO-FFI = The NEO Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989). AAB = adult antisocial behavior. EPI = Eysenck Personality Inventory (as used by Rocklin & Revelle, 1981). MDE = major depressive episode. BSI-GSI = General Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993; Derogatis & Spencer, 1982). The dependent variables assessed at Wave 7 ranged in their time period assessed: the BSI-GSI was assessed in the past seven days; alcohol quantity-frequency, alcohol consequences, and heavy drinking were assessed in the past-year; and AUD, TUD, DUD, AAB, anxiety disorder, MDE, cigarette use, marijuana use, and illicit drug use were assessed over the lifetime. No time frame was provided for alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, self-esteem, and the personality variables as is typical in these assessments.