Gene expression analyses using archival rat brain tissue. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). A) A schematic diagram of the footshock procedure. Adult male were exposed to intermittent footshock (1.0 mA, 5 secs each, 90 sec variable inter-trial interval) for 0 (Control), 15, 60, or 120 min and tissue was harvested immediately as previously described. A separate group of rats was exposed to 120 min of intermittent footshock and were then returned to their home cages for 120 min (designated as the 240 min group) for assessment of a post-stress recovery time point. B&C) Diagrams of the tissue collection locations for the PFC and PVN respectively. D) IL-33 expression was modestly elevated at 120 minutes in the rat PFC following footshock exposure. E) IL-33 expression was significantly elevated at 120 minutes after the onset of footshock, and continued to escalate 2 hours after stress termination (during recovery from stress in the 240 minutes group) in the rat PVN. Groups that differed significantly are denoted by different superscripts.