Table1.
Summary of clinical data showing the association between APN and risk and prognosis of various cancers
| Cancer type | Study outcome | Additional comments | Study type | Reference |
| BC | P<0.005 (for tumor size); P<0.05 (for grade) | >2 cm tumor and grade 2 and 3 BC cases were higher in lower tertile of serum APN | CC | 71 |
| P=0.001 | Total serum APN levels lower in BC patients, but APN levels not significantly associated with BC risk in premenopausal women (P=0.829) | Meta-analysis | 72 | |
| Adjusted OR=0.04 (0.071-0.99) | Lower APN in early BC vs. healthy controls | CC | 73 | |
| P=0.43 for linear trend | No association with risk | CC | 74 | |
| P=0.024 | Negative correlation with HMW APN and BC risk | CC | 75 | |
| CRC | P=0.005 | CRC cases had significantly lower APN values than controls | Meta-analysis | 80 |
| OR=0.91; P=0.04 | Significant inverse association between APN and CRC | Meta-analysis | 81 | |
| P=0.80 | No association between APN and CRC | CC | 83 | |
| P<0.001 | Lower APN levels in CRC and adenoma patients | Meta-analysis | 82 | |
| P<0.0001 | AdipoR1/R2 levels increased in CRC patients | CC | 85 | |
| OR=0.24; P<0.001 | Lower APN in adenoma patients than controls, lower APN levels negatively associated with number and size of tumors | CC | 86 | |
| P=0.009 (tubular) P<0.001 (tubulovillous) | Lower AdipoR1/R2 levels in CRCs than colorectal adenomas | CC | 87 | |
| OR=0.72 (0.53-0.99) for CRC risk; P=0.005 | Lower APN correlates to CRC risk; APN inversely correlates to tumor grade | CC | 88 | |
| EC | Summary RR=0.40 (0.33-0.66) | High APN reduces EC risk | Meta-analysis | 93 |
| OR=0.42 (0.19-0.94) | Inverse association with EC risk, association stronger in pre-menopausal than post-menopausal | CC | 94 | |
| OR=0.56 (0.36-0.86) | Inverse association independent of other obesity risk factors | CC | 95 | |
| OR=0.52 (0.32-0.83); P<0.001 | Significant inverse association between EC risk and APN | CC | 96 | |
| Summary OR=0.47 (0.34-0.65) for APN Summary OR=0.45 (0.24-0.86) for APN/leptin ratio | Reduced EC risk with higher APN levels (18% risk reduction with 5 μg/mL increase in circulating APN | Meta-analysis | 97 | |
| Adjusted OR=4.89 (1.25-19.11); P=0.022 | Lower MMW APN significantly associated with increased risk of EC | CC | 101 | |
| GC | P<0.05 | Inverse association with pathological findings e.g. tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor stage (only in undifferentiated GC) | CC | 104 |
| P>0.05 | No significant association between APN with GC risk and histopathological variables detected | CC | 105 | |
| P=0.01 | Significantly longer survival time in AdipoR1 positive cases | CC | 106 | |
| P>0.05 | No statistically significant relationship between AdipoR1/2 expression and tumor stage and survival | CC | 107 | |
| OG (esophageal) | P<0.05 | Significantly reduced APN in ESCC and EA patients than controls EA patients had lower APN than ESCC | CC | 110 |
| P=0.01 | Serum APN significantly reduced in patients than controls | CC | 111 | |
| P=0.043 (for T category) 0.56 (0.35-0.90); P=0.017 (for survival) | AdipoR2 expression was inversely associated with T-category). Low AdipoR1 was associated with improved overall survival | CC | 114 | |
| PC | OR-0.55 (0.31-0.98); P=0.03 | Higher APN negatively correlated with PC risk | CC | 115 |
| Nonlinear relationship (P<0.01) | Low pre-diagnostic levels of APN associated with increased PC risk | CC | 116 | |
| P=0.0035 | Median APN levels higher in PC than control group | CC | 117 | |
| OR=2.81 (1.04-7.59) | Higher APN associated with increased PC risk, no association with PC stage | CC | 118 | |
| HC | Adjusted OR=3.30 (1.45-7.53); P<0.01 (for total APN Adjusted OR=3.41 (1.50-7.73); P<0.01 (for HMW APN) | Plasma total and HMW APN were higher in patients than controls serum APN was positively associated with HC risk | CC | 121 |
| P=0.007 | Increased APN staining was associated with poor survival | CC | 122 | |
| P=0.03 | APN remained a significant predictor of time to death | CC | 123 | |
| P=0.005 (for APN) P<0.001 (for AdipoR1) P=0.003 (for AdipoR2) | APN and AdipoR1 levels were significantly lower in HCC cases than non-neoplastic controls AdipoR2 expression correlated with lower histological grade | CC | 124 | |
| RC | OR=0.76 (0.57-1.00); P=0.05 | Inverse association between serum APN and RCC risk | CC | 127 |
| P<0.01 (tumor size); P=0.029 (non-metastatic vs metastatic) | Negative association between APN levels and tumor size Lower APN levels in metastatic cases | CC | 128 | |
| P=0.044 (for total APN); P=0.041 (for HMW APN) | Reduced APN levels in metastatic cases | CC | 129 | |
| OR=2.3 (1.1-4.6) | APN and RCC risk positively correlated in African American males | CC | 130 | |
| PrC | Standard mean difference=-0.893 μg/mL (-1.345 to -0.440); P=0.000 | Serum APN was lower in PrC cases than controls | Meta-analysis | 132 |
| OR=0.29 (0.10-0.89) | Higher APN associated with reduced risk independent of various confounders | CC | 133 | |
| P<0.05 | Significantly lower APN in PrC cases than controls | CC | 134 | |
| OR=0.62 (0.42-0.90); P=0.01 | APN inversely associated with PrC stage in overweight and obese men | CC | 135 | |
| OR=0.70 (0.33-1.49); P=0.56 | No significant association between APN and PrC risk | CC | 136 | |
| LC | OR=1.13 (0.80-4.97) for cases vs. controls OR=0.25 (0.10-0.78) for advanced vs. limited | APN not significantly different between cases and controls APN significantly lower in advanced than limited diseases stage | CC | 141 |
| P>0.05 | No significant findings | CC | 142 | |
| OR=2.00 (0.80-4.97); P=0.14 | Non significant findings | CC | 143 | |
| P<0.0001 | Leptin: APN ratio significantly lower in patients than controls | CC | 144 | |
| P<0.05 | AdipoR1/R2 expression higher in non-neoplastic than neoplastic tissues, patients with higher expression of AdipoR1 had longer survival | CC | 145 | |
| HaemC | P=0.00 | APN was significantly lower in AML and ALL cases than controls | CC | 148 |
| P<0.001 | APN levels significantly lower in CLL cases than controls | CC | 151 | |
| P<0.05 | APN levels were higher in CLL cases than controls | CC | 152 |