Table 2.

Atrial substrates in simulation studies of catheter ablation

Reference	Geometry	Cell model	Conduction	AF dynamics
Virag et al. (2001)	Monolayer, both atria, idealised geometry	Simplified ionic model	Uniform isotropic, reduced CV	Multiple wavelets
Dang et al. (2005); Ruchat et al. (2007 a,b,c); Rotter et al. (2007)	Monolayer, both atria, MRI‐derived geometry	Simplified ionic model	Uniform isotropic, reduced CV	Multiple wavelets
Haissaguerre et al. (2007)	3‐D, both atria, MRI‐derived geometry	Modified Courtemanche et al. (1998) model, repolarisation heterogeneity	Isotropic + fast conducting bundles	Focal AF
Reumann et al. (2008)	3‐D, both atria, visible female	Advanced cellular automaton	Anisotropic, reduced CV	Focal AF
Hwang et al. (2014)	Monolayer, 20 patient‐specific CT‐derived left atrial geometries	Modified Courtemanche et al. (1998) model	Uniform isotropic, reduced CV	Multiple wavelets
McDowell et al. (2015)	3‐D, 4 patient‐specific MRI‐derived left atrial geometries	Krummen et al. (2012) model + fibroblasts	Anisotropic, LGE‐MRI‐based structural remodelling	Rotors

AF, atrial fibrillation; CT, computed tomography; CV, conduction velocity; LGE, late gadolinium‐enhanced; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.