Table 1.
SphK/S1P/S1PR1 axis in cancer
| Which type | Main cancer/bad outcomes | Mechanism/causes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sphk1↑ | Breast cancer | Hemangiogenesis | [76, 77, 81, 85] |
| Glioma | Lymphangiogenesis | ||
| B17 melanoma malignance | IL-17↑ → IL-6–Stat3↑ → stat3↑ | ||
| MB49 bladder malignance | |||
| SphK2 ↓ | Colitis-associated tumorigenesis | SphK1↑ | [80] |
| SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis↑ | |||
| NF-κB/STAT3 ↑ | |||
| S1P↑ | Colon cancer | S1P lyase↓ → p53-, p38-dependent pathways ↑ | [78, 79] |
| Melanoma | SGPL1 gene ↑ → S1P lyase disruption ↑ → Bcl-2, Bcl-xL dependent pathways | ||
| Resistance to chemotherapy | |||
| Stat3↑ | Melanoma | RelA acetylation → NF-κB↑ | [86, 87, 89] |
| Myeloid cell-dependent tumor | BRAF–MAPK↑ | ||
| A2058 tumor cells malignance | VEGF/bFGF → tube formation |