Table 1.
Distribution of Socio-demographic and Clinical Risk Factors stratified by presence of Incident Visual Impairment* in the better seeing eye in participants in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study
| Risk Factor | VI, n (%) (n = 55) |
No VI, n (%) n = 4507 |
P† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic Factors | |||
| Sex | 0.57 | ||
| Male | 24 (43.6) | 1796 (39.9) | |
| Female | 31 (56.4) | 2710 (60.1) | |
| Age Group | <0.001 | ||
| 40–49 years | 8 (14.6) | 1743 (38.7) | |
| 50–59 years | 6 (10.9) | 1438 (31.9) | |
| 60–69 years | 15 (27.3) | 898 (19.9) | |
| 70–79 years | 16 (29.1) | 367 (8.1) | |
| 80 + years | 10 (18.8) | 61 (1.4) | |
| Country of birth (US) | 14 (25.5) | 1053 (23.4) | 0.72 |
| Acculturation score [mean (SD)] | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.9) | 0.32 |
| Working status | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 6 (10.9) | 2299 (51.2) | |
| Retired | 25 (45.5) | 627 (14.0) | |
| Unemployed | 24 (43.6) | 1567 (34.9) | |
| Years education [mean (SD)] | 6.4 (4.2) | 8.3 (5.3) | 0.001 |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Married/living with partner | 31 (56.4) | 3348 (74.4) | |
| Separated/divorced | 7 (12.7) | 527 (11.7) | |
| Widowed | 16 (29.1) | 348 (7.7) | |
| Never married | 1 (1.8) | 275 (6.1) | |
| Income level < $20,000 | 34 (72.3) | 1941 (48.4) | 0.001 |
| Have health insurance | 42 (76.4) | 3010 (66.9) | 0.14 |
| Have vision insurance | 32 (58.2) | 2372 (53.2) | 0.47 |
| Clinical Risk Factors | |||
| No. of co-morbidities [mean (SD)] | 2.5 (1.7) | 1.5 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension | 25 (45.5) | 1325 (29.5) | 0.01 |
| History of diabetes | 21 (38.2) | 814 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| History of any ocular disease | 21 (38.2) | 548 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported excellent/good health | 48 (87.3) | 3643 (80.8) | 0.23 |
SD = standard deviation; US: United States of America;
*
VI =Incident visual impairment - best corrected visual acuity ≥20/40 at baseline in the better seeing eye and < 20/40 but > 20/200 at follow-up in the better-seeing eye
†
Comparing VI to no VI