Table 2.

Comparison of intra-tissue pressure measurement methodologies and findings in mini-invasive thermal ablation for cancer care.

	Pressure Sensor		Thermal Ablation		Measurement			Results
Study	Technology	Size	TA Type	Tissue	Distance Tip-to-Tip	Thermal Error 1	Peak Pressure 2		75% of Peak 3
[16]	MEMS	diameter 1 cm thickness 3 mm	RFA	Liver, porcine phantom	30 mm	0.5 kPa/°C	833 kPa		0.94
[17]	MEMS	diameter 1 cm thickness 3 mm	RFA	Liver, in vivo on pigs	15 mm	0.5 kPa/°C	9 kPa		0.83
[25]	Fiber optic EFPI	diameter 0.2 mm	RFA	Liver, porcine phantom	1 mm; 5 mm	0.03 kPa/°C	162 kPa; 32 kPa		0.93; 0.94
Current study	Fiber optic EFPI	diameter 0.2 mm	LA	Liver, porcine phantom	0.5 mm; 1.2 mm	0.03 kPa/°C	71 kPa; 48 kPa		0.24; 0.63

¹ Data from [15,16] and sensor datasheet for MEMS; in-lab characterization for EFPI; ² Values are reported for single-step ablation; ³ Normalized time for which the pressure value is 75% of the peak pressure.