Table 4.

Statistical results obtained for the k-proxy models (methods iii to v) and from LAI calculation using five different methods: using a common k = 0.7 (method i); obtaining a real k (k_r) by inverting Equation (7) (method ii); Lowess linear interpolation model based on canopy cover (f_f) and porosity (Φ) (method iii); k obtained from a linear regression between k_r and large gaps (lg) (method iv) and k obtained from the ratio between image luminance (I) and maximum luminance (I_o = 12) (method v). Not applicable and not statistically significant are denoted by na and ns respectively.

Proxy of k	R2	b	SEE	RMSE	p Value
Method (i)	na; 0.86	na; 1.05	na; 1.89	na; 0.24	na; 1 × 10−5
Method (ii)	na; 0.94	na; 0.98	na; 0.71	na; 0.15	na; 1 × 10−5
Method (iii)	0.38; 0.87	1.72; 1.00	0.61; 1.11	0.13; 0.18	1 × 10-4; 1 × 10−5
Method (iv)	0.05; 0.83	1 × 10−5; 0.99	2.57; 2.04	0.27; 0.24	ns; 1 × 10−5
Method (v)	0.25; 0.86	0.09; 0.99	0.21; 2.04	0.08; 0.24	1 × 10-3; 1 × 10−5