Table 1.
Comparison of Smokers and Non-Smokers on Demographic and Health Characteristics at Baseline
| Total sample (N=341) | Non-smokers (N=219) | Smokers (N=122) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % or M±SD | % or M±SD | % or M±SD | Test statistic | df | p≤ |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age (mean±SD years) | 43.9±11.3 | 45.4±11.8 | 41.9±10.3 | t=2.88 | 339 | .01 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 45 | 38 | 54 | Χ2=8.23 | 1 | .01 |
| Female | 55 | 62 | 46 | |||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 68 | 67 | 71 | Χ2=.72 | 2 | ns |
| Black | 21 | 22 | 20 | |||
| Other | 11 | 11 | 9 | |||
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Schizophrenia | 47 | 45 | 49 | Χ2=1.32 | 2 | ns |
| Bipolar disorder | 30 | 33 | 27 | |||
| Major depression | 23 | 22 | 24 | |||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 15 | 11 | 23 | Χ2=6.32 | 2 | .05 |
| Completed high school | 31 | 29 | 34 | |||
| Post-HS education | 54 | 60 | 43 | |||
| Physical Health a | ||||||
| Weight | 233.8±53.9 | 235.2±57.0 | 232.0±49.6 | Χ2=2.04 | 1 | ns |
| BMIb | 37.1±8.1 | 37.7±8.5 | 36.3±7.6 | Χ2=1.40 | 1 | ns |
| Waist circumference | 46.8±7.1 | 46.9±7.3 | 46.7±6.9 | Χ2=.45 | 1 | ns |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | 1377.2±313.6 | 1354.3±325.8 | 1407.6±295.0 | Χ2=.03 | 1 | ns |
| Vigorous physical activity | 174.4±858.5 | 121.6±686.0 | 245.9±1046.6 | Χ2=.65 | 1 | ns |
| SF-12 physical componentc | 45.4±10.1 | 45.0±10.2 | 46.0±9.9 | Χ2=1.07 | 1 | ns |
| Comorbid health conditions | ||||||
| 0 chronic diseases | 49 | 47 | 51 | X2=.68 | ns | |
| 1 chronic disease | 32 | 34 | 29 | X2=.06 | ns | |
| 2 or more chronic diseases | 19 | 19 | 20 | X2=.17 | ns | |
| Total cholesterol | 183.7±47.0 | 186.5±46.4 | 180.0±47.8 | Χ2=.78 | 1 | ns |
| LDL cholesterol | 108.9±38.8 | 111.8±38.4 | 104.7±39.3 | Χ2=1.25 | 1 | ns |
| HDL cholesterol | 42.0±15.7 | 45.0±15.8 | 38.1±14.8 | Χ2=8.34 | 1 | .01 |
| Triglycerides | 174.2±118.6 | 166.6±112.8 | 184.1±125.4 | Χ2=.58 | 1 | ns |
| Readiness to change dietary behaviorsd | ||||||
| Reduce portion size | 3.0±.9 | 3.1±.9 | 2.8±1.0 | Χ2=3.07 | 1 | ns |
| Reduce dietary fat | 3.2±1.1 | 3.4±1.0 | 2.9±1.1 | Χ2=9.16 | 1 | .01 |
| Increase fruits & vegetables | 2.9±1.2 | 3.0±1.2 | 2.7±1.2 | Χ2=3.31 | 1 | ns |
| Mental Health a | ||||||
| Depressive symptomse | 22.6±13.0 | 22.3±13.2 | 22.9±12.7 | Χ2=.02 | 1 | ns |
| SF-12 mental componentc | 41.2±12.9 | 41.8±13.1 | 40.5±12.6 | Χ2=.20 | 1 | ns |
a
p-values are based on logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, and study.
b
Body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
c
Possible scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health functioning.
d
Possible scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater readiness to change.
e
Possible scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.