DNA duplex is shown in blue, the iron atoms are indicated by colored circles; green circles, Fe(II); orange circles, Fe(III). Red stars, hydroxyl radicals. A, formation of Fe(II)-DNA complex. B, hydrogen peroxide undergoes Fenton's reaction on DNA to generate hydroxyl radical. C, hydroxyl radical breaks one DNA strand. D, repair of the ss-break restores DNA integrity. E, the iron atom is removed from DNA (by Dps). F, in the absence of ss-break repair and subsequent iron removal, another Fenton's reaction with the same iron atom generates another hydroxyl radical nearby. G, the second DNA strand is disrupted opposite the first ss-break, breaking the DNA duplex.