Table 1.
Demographics, preoperative variables, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications
| Gender (male/female) | 42/15 | |
| Age (year) | 67 (range 40–87) | |
| ASA score | 1 | 53 |
| 2 | 4 | |
| Tumor location | Rb | 35 |
| Rb-P | 14 | |
| Ra | 6 | |
| P | 2 | |
| Median distant from lower edge of tumor to anal verge (cm) | 4.0 (0~15) | |
| Histological type | tub1 | 22 |
| tub2 | 30 | |
| por | 4 | |
| muc | 1 | |
| Clinical stage | II | 17 |
| IIIa | 28 | |
| IIIb | 12 | |
| Operative procedure (laparoscopic surgery) | Total perineal excision | 3 |
| Abddominoperitoneal resection | 17 (5) | |
| Low anterior resection | 27 (16) | |
| Inferior sphincter resection | 10 (4) | |
| No. of anus preserving cases (%) | 37 (65.0) | |
| No. of patient with complication (Clavien–Dindo classification score ≥3) | Overall | 17 (4) |
| Perianal wound infection | 2 | |
| Bowel obstruction | 4 (1) | |
| Stoma related complication | 3 (1) | |
| Anastomotic leakage | 2 (1) | |
| Abscess in pelvic cavity | 2 (1) | |
| Chylous ascites | 1 | |
| Neurogenic bladder | 1 | |
| Sepsis (enterocolitis induced) | 1 | |
| Radiational enteritis | 1 | |
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, tub1 well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, tub2 moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, por poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, muc mucinous adenocarcinoma