. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2016 Mar 7;23(2):88–93. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2015.1119287

Table 1.

Previous studies examining risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in African Americans

Study	Diabetes type	AA with PDR, n	Risk factors for PDR reported	Risk factors for PDR reported in AA separately
Davis et al 1998¹⁹	T1D, T2D	176^*	Yes	No
Arfken et al 1998²¹	T1D	17	Yes	No
Harris et al 1998⁸	T2D	5^*	No	No
Roy 2000^{17, 30}	T1D	137	Yes	Yes
Klein et al 2002¹¹	T1D, T2D	16	No	No
Klein et al 2002³	T2D	2^*	No	No
Emanuele et al 2005⁵	T2D	<74^†	No	No
Wong et al 2006¹⁰	T2D	26^‡	No	No
Zhang et al 2010⁹	T1D, T2D	28^‡	No	No
Current study	T2D	290	Yes	Yes

The exact number of patients with PDR was not reported; this approximation is based on percentage of AA patients and PDR participants

^†

74 was the number of AA participants with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse; this study did not report the exact numbers or percentages of patients with PDR

^‡

Number of patients with vision-threatening retinopathy which includes severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, clinically significant macular edema and PDR.

AA, African American; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes