Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of the Study Population, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1986–2000
| Characteristica | Mean (SD) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Mothers (n = 3,659) | ||
| Age, years | 30.6 (4.4) | |
| Educational at age 25 years | ||
| Less than high school | 31.6 | |
| High school | 43.0 | |
| More than high school | 25.4 | |
| Married | 54.2 | |
| No. of children in household | 2.5 (1.2) | |
| Pretax household income, $b | 15,110 (109,946) | |
| EITCc | ||
| No. ever eligible during 1986–2000 | 1,910 | |
| Payment size (if eligible), $ | 973.8 (899.5) | |
| Children (n = 8,186)d | ||
| Age, years | 6.5 (3.6) | |
| Female sex | 49.4 | |
| Race | ||
| Black | 36.0 | |
| Hispanic | 20.9 | |
| White or other | 43.1 | |
| Child development scorese | ||
| BPI | ||
| No. of children with ≥2 measures | 6,676 | |
| No. of observations per child | 2.6 | |
| Standardized score | 107.1 (14.9) | |
| HOME inventory | ||
| Number of children with ≥2 measures | 8,053 | |
| No. of observations per child | 3.1 | |
| Standardized score | 94.8 (16.3) | |
Abbreviations: BPI, Behavioral Problems Index; EITC, Earned Income Tax Credit; HOME, Home Observation Measurement of the Environment; SD, standard deviation.
a Summary statistics were calculated using imputed data for individuals with a pretax household income of less than $50,000.
b Includes spouse's income, if married. Inflation-adjusted to year 2000 dollars.
c EITC was imputed using Taxsim for Stata. Inflation-adjusted to year 2000 dollars.
d Children were included if they had at least 2 measures that allowed for the calculation of the primary outcomes (2- and 4-year differences).
e Higher values on the HOME inventory and lower BPI values denote a better outcome.