Table 2.

Associations Between Measures of Alpha and Beta Diversity With Smoking History Among Men in Linzhou, China

	Unadjusted				Adjustedb				Excluding antibioticsc
	Current OR	95% CI	Former OR	95% CI	Current OR	95% CI	Former OR	95% CI	Current OR	95% CI	Former OR	95% CI
Alpha diversity
Increase 10 species	1.29	1.04, 1.62	0.98	0.70, 1.37	1.33	1.06, 1.68	1.09	0.76, 1.56	1.36	1.06, 1.74	1.11	0.75, 1.64
Species (tertiles)
<35	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
35–45	1.05	0.56, 1.96	0.64	0.26, 1.63	1.06	0.56, 2.01	0.88	0.33, 2.36	1.27	0.64, 2.50	0.92	0.32, 2.66
≥46	1.43	0.76, 2.68	0.83	0.33, 2.07	1.49	0.78, 2.85	1.17	0.43, 3.19	1.63	0.82, 3.27	1.33	0.46, 3.85
Increase 5 genera	1.27	1.03, 1.56	0.93	0.68, 1.26	1.31	1.06, 1.62	1.02	0.72, 1.42	1.30	1.03, 1.63	1.02	0.71, 1.48
Genera (tertiles)
<20	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
20–25	0.95	0.49, 1.82	1.56	0.62, 3.88	1.02	0.52, 2.01	2.25	0.82, 6.16	1.06	0.52, 2.19	2.05	0.70, 5.99
≥26	1.48	0.80, 2.72	0.81	0.30, 2.22	1.63	0.86, 3.07	1.24	0.41, 3.71	1.55	0.79, 3.03	1.18	0.37, 3.76
Beta diversity
Cluster 3a	0.55	0.28, 1.08	1.18	0.49, 2.84	0.49	0.24, 1.01	1.04	0.39, 2.76	0.41	0.19, 0.89	1.45	0.51, 4.16
PCoA vectors
1	0.66	0.51, 0.87	0.83	0.57, 1.22	0.62	0.47, 0.82	0.81	0.54, 1.23	0.64	0.47, 0.85	0.88	0.56, 1.37
2	0.73	0.56, 0.95	0.59	0.40, 0.86	0.73	0.55, 0.97	0.69	0.46, 1.04	0.80	0.59, 1.08	0.73	0.47, 1.14

Note: Reference group is never smokers; PCoA: Principal coordinate

^aCompared to Cluster 2 and excludes 4 men who were in Cluster 1

^bAdjusts for age, BMI, DMFT score, balloon type, alcohol consumption, and village

^cExcludes 33 men who reported taking antibiotics in the past 3 months; adjusts for all confounders mentioned in B