Table 2.
Psychiatric history and clinical characteristics.
| Clinical measures | Bipolar disorders | Comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 32 | N = 44 | Group effect | |||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | t | df | p | |
| Age in years @ onset 1st Psychiatric Illness |
15.7 | (5.8) | 21.3 | (11.7) | 2.72 | 67† | 0.008∗ |
| Global assessment of function | |||||||
| Average over the past year | 68.7 | (8.7) | 72.6 | (9.6) | 1.80 | 74 | 0.076t |
| Lowest week during last year | 54.8 | (13.7) | 64.9 | (12.1) | 3.41 | 74 | 0.001∗ |
| Duration of current treatment (months) | 77.3 | (107.1) | 46.6 | (67.4) | 1.43 | 74† | 0.158 |
| Hypomanic and manic symptoms | 5.7 | (1.5) | 0.14 | (.50) | 18.16 | 46† | <0.001∗ |
|
| |||||||
| % | N | % | N | Fisher's Exact p | |||
|
| |||||||
| Episodes during the past year | |||||||
| Manic episodes | 6 | (2) | 0 | (0) | 0.174 | ||
| Depressive episodes | 31 | (10) | 0 | (0) | 0.000∗ | ||
| Mixed episodes | 50 | (16) | 0 | (0) | 0.000∗ | ||
| Hospitalizations (lifetime) | |||||||
| 0 | 63 | (20) | 98 | (41) | |||
| 1 | 19 | (6) | 2 | (1) | |||
| 2 or more | 19 | (6) | 0 | (0) | <0.0001∗ | ||
| Current psychotropic medications | |||||||
| Antipsychotics | 44 | (14) | 7 | (3) | <0.001∗ | ||
| SSRI | 47 | (14) | 32 | (14) | 0.228 | ||
| Antidepressants | 23 | (7) | 14 | (6) | 0.363 | ||
| Mood stabilizers | 72 | (23) | 0 | (0) | <0.001∗ | ||
| Anxiolytics | 48 | (15) | 41 | (18) | 0.638 | ||
| Stimulants | 13 | (4) | 9 | (4) | 0.711 | ||
| Sleep | 19 | (6) | 18 | (8) | 1.00 | ||
| Phosphodiesterase | 10 | (3) | 2 | (1) | 0.300 | ||
| Other | 16 | (5) | 5 | (2) | 0.129 | ||
| Number of medications prescribed Mean (sd) t-test |
2.8 | (1.3) | 1.3 | (1.3) | 5.20 | 74 | <0.001∗ |
| Bipolar family history First degree relatives |
53 | (16) | 5 | (2) | <0.001∗ | ||
| Significant medical illness (during the last year) | 34 | (11) | 30 | (13) | 0.803 | ||
∗indicates significance, †separate variance est., and ttrend.