Table 2. Summary statistics for variables included in final model, by low and high Gini coefficient and wealth ratio.
| Gini coefficient | Wealth ratio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Low | High | Low | High | |
| Count | 43,032a | 21,520 | 21,512 | 21,522 | 21,509 |
| Dependent variable | |||||
| HIV positive, n (%) | 7,444 (17.3) | 3,395 (15.8) | 4,048 (18.8)*** | 3,347 (15.6) | 4,097 (19.0)*** |
| Independent variables | |||||
| Gini coefficient, mean (SE) | 0.42 (0.004) | 0.28 (0.003) | 0.56 (0.003)*** | 0.34 (0.006) | 0.50 (0.004)*** |
| Wealth ratio, mean (SE) | 1.49 (0.008) | 1.35 (0.009) | 1.62 (0.012)*** | 1.23 (0.003) | 1.74 (0.011)*** |
| Demographic variables | |||||
| Age in years, mean (SE) | 30.8 (0.06) | 31.1 (0.09) | 30.5 (0.08)*** | 31.1 (0.09) | 30.5 (0.08)*** |
| Male, n (%) | 20,403 (47.4) | 10,337 (48.0) | 10,066 (46.8)* | 10,421 (48.4) | 9,982 (46.4)*** |
| Urban residence | 12,273 (28.5) | 7,808 (36.3) | 4,465 (20.8)*** | 8,540 (40.0) | 3,733 (17.4)*** |
| Working | 30,916 (71.8) | 15,893 (73.8) | 15,023 (69.8)*** | 15,954 (74.1) | 14,962 (69.6)*** |
| Education | |||||
| None | 3,348 (7.8) | 1,993 (9.3) | 1,355 (6.3)*** | 1,591 (7.4) | 1,757 (8.2) |
| Primary | 20,418 (47.4) | 10,105 (47.0) | 10,313 (47.9) | 9,611 (44.6) | 10,807 (50.2)*** |
| Secondary+ | 16,650 (38.7) | 7,699 (35.8) | 8,951 (41.6)*** | 8,651 (40.2) | 7,998 (37.2)** |
| Wealth quintile | |||||
| Lowest | 7,380 (17.2) | 4,819 (22.4) | 2,561 (11.9)*** | 3,504 (16.3) | 3,876 (18.0) |
| Second | 7,940 (18.4) | 3,953 (18.4) | 3,988 (18.5) | 3,739 (17.4) | 4,201 (19.5)* |
| Middle | 8,386 (19.5) | 2,892 (13.4) | 5,494 (25.5)*** | 3,826 (17.8) | 4,560 (21.2)*** |
| Fourth | 9,284 (21.6) | 3,429 (15.9) | 5,855 (27.2)*** | 4,352 (20.2) | 4,932 (22.9)* |
| Highest | 10,041 (23.3) | 6,428 (29.9) | 3,613 (16.8)*** | 6,101(28.4) | 3,940 (18.3)*** |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 8,363 (19.4) | 3,935 (18.3) | 4,428 (20.6)** | 3,624 (16.8) | 4,739 (22.0)*** |
| Married/living together | 31,888 (74.1) | 16,260 (75.6) | 15,628 (72.6)*** | 16,504 (76.7) | 15,384 (71.5)*** |
| Not living together | 2,780 (6.5) | 1,325 (6.2) | 1,455 (6.8)* | 1,394 (6.5) | 1,386 (6.4) |
| Religion | |||||
| Roman Catholic | 8,369 (19.4) | 4,452 (20.7) | 3,917 (18.2)** | 4,149 (19.3) | 4,220 (19.6) |
| Protestant/other Christian | 27,131 (63.0) | 13,961 (64.9) | 13,170 (61.2)*** | 14,578 (67.7) | 12,553 (58.4)*** |
| Muslim | 1,793 (4.2) | 947 (4.4) | 846 (3.9) | 818 (3.8) | 975 (4.5) |
| None/other | 5,739 (13.3) | 2,160 (10.0) | 3,579 (16.6)*** | 1,978 (9.2) | 3,762 (17.5)*** |
| Sexual behavior variables | |||||
| # extramarital sex partners past year | |||||
| 0 | 30,684 (71.3) | 15,661 (72.8) | 15,023 (69.8)** | 15,979 (74.2) | 14,705 (68.4)*** |
| 1 | 10,463 (24.3) | 5,007 (23.3) | 5,456 (25.4)** | 4,722 (21.9) | 5,741 (26.7)*** |
| 2 | 1,531 (3.6) | 669 (3.1) | 862 (4.0)*** | 645 (3.0) | 886 (4.1)*** |
| 3+ | 354 (0.8) | 183 (0.9) | 171 (0.8) | 177 (0.8) | 177 (0.8) |
| # lifetime sex partners | |||||
| 1 | 13,653 (31.7) | 6,809 (31.6) | 6,844 (31.8) | 6,918 (32.1) | 6,735 (31.3) |
| 2 | 9,946 (23.1) | 4,960 (23.0) | 4,986 (23.2) | 4,888 (22.7) | 5,058 (23.5) |
| 3 - 5 | 12,339 (28.7) | 6,083 (28.3) | 6,256 (29.1) | 6,018 (28.0) | 6,321 (29.4)* |
| 6 - 10 | 3,864 (9.0) | 2,027 (9.4) | 1,837 (8.5)* | 2,028 (9.4) | 1,836 (8.5)* |
| 11+ | 3,229 (7.5) | 1,641 (7.6) | 1,588 (7.4) | 1,670 (7.8) | 1,559 (7.2) |
| Condom use last sex | 9,697 (22.5) | 4,477 (20.8) | 5,220 (24.3)*** | 4,315 (20.0) | 5,382 (25.0)*** |
| STD past year | 1,624 (3.8) | 738 (3.4) | 887 (4.1)** | 717 (3.3) | 907 (4.2)*** |
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001
a
estimated population size adjusted for survey sampling frame