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Patch effects on smoking-related symptom change. Negative change reflects decrease in symptoms after smoking. For ease of interpretation, change scores were linearly transformed by dividing them by grand (i.e., sample-wide) standard deviations in pre-smoking symptom scores recorded during the ad lib phase (re-experiencing SD = 1.00, avoidance SD = 1.09, numbness SD = 1.22, hyperarousal SD = 1.09, negative affect SD = 4.15). Plac = placebo patch; Nic = nicotine patch.
