Table 3.

Effect of the Intervention on Total Daily Fruit, Vegetable and Whole-Grain Servings, Grams of Discretionary Fats and Fat from Milk, and Teaspoons of Added Sugar Provided in Head Start Meals in the Child Health Initiative for Lifelong Eating and Exercise (CHILE) Study^a,^b

	Fall 2008	Spring 2010		Intervention vs. Control
Outcome Measure	Mean(SE)c	Mean(SE)c	Change	Change Intervention / Change Controld	(95% CI)
Fruit (servings)e
Intervention	1.37(0.05)	1.28(0.05)	−0.09	1.02	(0.88, 1.19)
Control	1.40(0.05)	1.25(0.05)	−0.15
Vegetables (servings)
Intervention	0.67(0.04)	0.89(0.04)	0.22	1.07	(0.91, 1.25)
Control	0.81(0.04)	0.92(0.04)	0.11
Whole grains (servings)
Intervention	0.31(0.04)	0.33(0.04)	0.02	1.09	(0.92, 1.30)
Control	0.31(0.05)	0.22(0.04)	−0.09
Discretionary fat (grams)
Intervention	20.10(0.09)	19.77(0.09)	−0.32	1.00	(0.81, 1.24)
Control	19.35(0.09)	18.98(0.09)	−0.37
Added sugar (teaspoons)
Intervention	2.58(0.13)	2.23(0.13)	−0.35	0.94	(0.65, 1.37)
Control	3.21(0.13)	3.03(0.13)	−0.18
Milk fat (grams)
Intervention	7.07(0.10)	5.50(0.10)	−1.57	0.82	(0.71, 0.94)*
Control	6.38(0.10)	6.26(0.10)	−0.13

^aThe analysis models consist of the intervention variable, time variable, intervention x time interaction term, day of the week, snack variable and breakfast variable as fixed factors, and site variable as a random factor.

^bThe sample size per analysis group (N = 40) is based on 5 measurements in each Head Start site.

^cAdjusted geometric mean. SE refers to standard error of the estimate.

^dAs outcome variables were log-transformed, a relative change estimate is calculated to compare the changes in outcome variables over follow-up period between intervention and comparison groups, with the comparison group as the reference group.

^eThe fruit outcome measure includes whole fruits only, not fruit juice.

^*Statistically significant at p < .05.