Table 3.

Associations of Food Security and Student Outcomes by Sex

		Boys		Girls
Outcome	p value for interaction between food security and sex	estimated effect of food insecurity** (95% CI)	p value	estimated effect of food insecurity (95% CI)	p value
Personal Health
Number of sleep hours2	.96	−0.10 (−0.42, 0.22)	.55	−0.09 (−0.34, 0.16)	.49
General health (excellent/very good vs. good/fair/poor)1	.77	0.38 (0.15, 0.98)	.04	0.45 (0.28, 0.73)	<.01
Participate in strenuous exercise (More than ½ hour a week vs. None or less than ½ hour a week)1	.65	0.40 (0.21, 0.75)	.004	0.48 (0.30, 0.78)	<.01
HEI 2010 total score2	.81	0.10 (−4.00, 4.18)	.96	−0.51 (−3.47, 2.46)	.74
Avg. calories2	.03	−351 (−589, −113)	.004	−28 (−201, 145)	.75
Avg. Added sugars (by Total Sugars), g2	.01	−17.0 (−31.6, −2.4)	.02	5.8 (−4.8, 16.3)	.29
Avg. total fruit servings in cup equivalents2	.71	−0.02 (−0.28, 0.25)	.89	−0.08 (−0.27, 0.11)	.42
Avg. total vegetable servings in cup equivalents, with fried potatoes and fried vegetables2	.38	0.02 (−0.19, 0.22)	.87	−0.10 (−0.25, 0.05)	.20
Home Environment
Encouragement by parents (ever vs. never)1	.22	0.86 (0.52, 1.43)	.57	1.39 (0.76, 2.55)	.28
Eat dinner as a family (3–7 days vs. 0–2 days)1	.44	0.95 (0.36, 2.50)	.92	0.60 (0.38, 0.94)	.02
School Related Outcomes
Attendance rate (%)2	.54	−0.24 (−1.44, 0.95)	.69	−0.71 (−1.64, 0.21)	.13
Encouragement by adults at school (ever vs. never)1	.45	1.20 (0.62, 2.29)	.59	1.57 (0.85, 2.87)	.15
Unweighted cumulative GPA*2	.02	−0.11 (−0.41, 0.18)	.45	−0.57 (−0.80, −0.34)	<.01
Cumulative GPA percentile2	.18	−5.4 (−14.2, 3.4)	.23	−13.0 (−19.8, −6.2)	<.01
SBP (%)2	.24	6.3 (0.8, 11.8)	.02	2.1 (−2.1, 6.4)	.33

Note.

^*Three schools were excluded because they were limited to weighted GPA.

^**Estimated effect of food insecurity presents regression coefficient for linear regression and odds ratio for logistic regression. Food security is the reference level.

¹Logistical model

²Linear model