Table 6.

Time-varying Cox regression analysis of association between GI events and treatment initiation

Effect	Estimated hazard ratio	95 % CI	p value
Post-index GI event (ref: no post-index GI event)	0.243	(0.22, 0.27)	<0.0001
Age group
65–74 vs. 55–64	1.274	(1.16, 1.40)	<0.0001
75–84 vs. 55–64	1.444	(1.31, 1.60)	<0.0001
85+ vs. 55–64	1.234	(1.06, 1.43)	0.0023
Pre-index medication use
Gastro-protective agents	1.621	(1.52, 1.79)	<0.0001
NSAIDs	1.287	(1.20, 1.38)	<0.0001
Glucocorticoids	1.223	(1.14, 1.68)	<0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index score	0.913	(0.85, 0.98)	0.0034

GI gastrointestinal, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

CI confidence interval