Table 2.
lncRNA-mediated regulation of proteins
| lncRNA | Function | Mechanism | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regulation of protein activity | |||
| CAS5 | Repression of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription |
DNA mimicry | 50 |
| EVF2 | Transcriptional activation of DLX2 targets | Activation of DLX2 | 51,52 |
| CCND1 promoter RNA | Repression of CCND1 transcription | Allosteric activation of TLS | 53 |
| NRON | Repression of NFAT-med iated transcription | Inhibition of transcription factor nucleocytoplasmic shuttling |
54 |
| 15q11-q13sno-lncRNA | Regulation of alternative splicing | Inhibition of FOX2 function | 80 |
| rncs-1 | Inhibition of Dicer-mediated repression | Sequestration of Dicer or accessory double-stranded RNA-binding proteins |
81 |
| sfRNA | Stabilization of viral and host mRNAs | Inhibition of XRNl-mediated mRNA degradation |
82,83 |
| gadd7 | Inhibition of TDP43-mediated regulatory events |
Sequestration of TDP43 | 84 |
| Organization of protein complexes | |||
| HOTA1R | Repression at the HOXD locus | Recruitment of PRC2 and LSD1 | 24 |
| KCNQ1OT1 | Imprinting at the KCNQ1 cluster | Recruitment of PRC2 and G9A | 27 |
| ANR1L | Repression at the INK4b–ARF–INK4a locus | Recruitment of PRC1 and PRC2 | 26,28 |
| TERC | Add it ion of telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes |
Organizational scaffold fortelomerase components and template for repeat addition |
90 |
| SRP RNA | Directing of proteinstothe ER | Organizational scaffold for SRP components |
91 |
| NEAT1 | Assembly of paraspeckles | Nucleation of subnucleardomains | 95–97 |
CCND1, cyclin Dl; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GAS5, growth arrest specific 5; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA; HOXD, homeobox D cluster; KCNQ1, potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1; KCNQ1OT1, KCNQ1 opposite strand or antisense transcript 1; LSD1, Lys-specific demethylase 1; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells; NRON, non-coding repressor of NFAT; PRC, Polycomb repressive complex; sfRNA, subgenomic flavivirus RNA; sno-lncRNA, small nucleolar long non-coding RNA; SRP, signal recognition particle; TDP43, TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TLS, translesion DNA synthesis; XRN1, 5′ to 3′exoribonuclease 1.