Fig. 1.

The application of Dynesys system (case No. 9). A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis (A) and underwent fusion surgery at L4-5 previously 8 years prior to her visit (B). She developed back pain with intermittent claudication recently in the past year. Spinal stenosis was revealed at L3-4, and dynamic stabilization surgery was performed with Dynesys system at L3-4 (C). Postoperatively 3 years later, her symptoms were much improved with stable radiographic findings (D).