Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the demographic, cardiovascular risk factor, MRI cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance venography data.
| Healthy | RR MS | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Subjects | Patients | p value |
| (n = 74) | (n = 65) | ||
| Age (years); mean (SD) | 43.9 (18.3) | 43.8 (10.2) | 0.969 |
| Female sex; n (%) | 40 (54.1) | 33 (50.8) | 0.699 |
| BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 26.11 (5.85) | 25.95 (5.41) | 0.871 |
| Current smokers; n (%) | 7.0 (9.5) | 5.0 (7.7) | 0.711 |
| Hypertension; n (%) | 5.0 (6.8) | 3.0 (4.6) | 0.589 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1; n (%) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | na |
| Cardiovascular disease; n (%) | 5.0 (6.8) | 8.0 (12.3) | 0.262 |
| NF (μL/beat); mean (SD) | -3.70 (7.15) | -3.97 (11.32) | 0.871 |
| NNF (μL / beat); mean (SD) | -29.14 (15.87) | -36.16 (21.75) | 0.034* |
| NPF (μL / beat); mean (SD) | 25.44 (14.83) | 32.19 (18.53) | 0.020* |
| PPV (cm/s); mean (SD) | 6.48 (2.59) | 7.28 (2.87) | 0.088 |
| PNV (cm/s); mean (SD) | -8.03 (2.71) | -9.38 (5.17) | 0.061 |
| C7-T1 RIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 73.69 (54.75) | 62.10 (48.44) | 0.188 |
| C7-T1 LIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 47.38 (34.60) | 41.93 (32.05) | 0.337 |
| C5-C6 RIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 59.43 (42.58) | 51.21 (38.82) | 0.236 |
| C5-C6 LIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 43.27 (28.88) | 38.65 (30.42) | 0.362 |
| C4 RIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 55.34 (32.07) | 50.16 (24.55) | 0.285 |
| C4 LIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 37.74 (22.57) | 39.96 (23.02) | 0.570 |
| C2-C3 right collateral CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 10.36 (5.62) | 10.03 (6.11) | 0.747 |
| C2-C3 RIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 42.72 (28.11) | 39.29 (21.62) | 0.421 |
| C2-C3 LIJV CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 27.08 (19.62) | 27.08 (20.36) | 1.000 |
| C2-C3 left collateral CSA (mm2); mean (SD) | 10.74 (5.77) | 9.80 (5.89) | 0.345 |
RR MS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, BMI, body mass index; NF, net flow (i.e. NNF minus NPF); NNF, net negative flow; NPF, net positive flow; PPV, peak positive velocity; PNV, peak negative velocity; RIJV, right internal jugular vein; LIJV, left internal jugular vein; CSA, cross sectional area; na, not applicable.
* p values less than 0.05 considered trends