Table 1.
Comparison between ND group and D group according to clinical and functional measures
| Indicator | Whole group (n=500) | ND group (n=175) | D group (n=325) | P-value (group D vs ND) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 79.0±8.4 | 81.4±7.4 | 77.7±7.3 | <0.001 |
| Sex (% of women) | 67 | 70 | 66 | 0.140 |
| Number of diseases | 6.0±2.8 | 6.0±2.9 | 6.0±2.8 | 0.640 |
| Hypertension (% of patients) | 84 | 77 | 87 | 0.001 |
| Osteoarthritis (% of patients) | 61 | 55 | 64 | 0.026 |
| Coronary artery disease (% of patients) | 59 | 54 | 62 | 0.058 |
| Chronic heart failure (% of patients) | 43 | 42 | 43 | 0.384 |
| Diabetes mellitus (% of patients) | 34 | 31 | 35 | 0.205 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia (% of patients) | 34 | 31 | 36 | 0.124 |
| Dementia (% of patients) | 24 | 44 | 14 | <0.001 |
| Osteoporosis (% of patients) | 23 | 20 | 25 | 0.107 |
| Anemia (% of patients) | 22 | 26 | 19 | 0.051 |
| Prior stroke (% of patients) | 18 | 19 | 17 | 0.294 |
| Prior myocardial infarction (% of patients) | 13 | 11 | 14 | 0.250 |
| Cancer (% of patients) | 12 | 14 | 11 | 0.148 |
| Parkinson’s disease (% of patients) | 7 | 8 | 6 | 0.260 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 72.1±11.2 | 73.8±12.3 | 71.2±10.6 | 0.069 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.4±19.8 | 133.0±19.1 | 136.8±20.1 | 0.030 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.8±10.8 | 75.5±10.2 | 77.5±11.1 | 0.050 |
| Barthel Index (points) | 72.2±28.2 | 50.4±30.4 | 83.9±18.2 | <0.001 |
| IADL (points) | 18.8±6.5 | 14.2±6.4 | 21.4±5.1 | <0.001 |
| MMSE (points) | 23.6±7.1 | 19.4±8.0 | 26.2±4.3 | <0.001 |
| GDS (points) | 5.1±3.1 | 5.5±2.9 | 5.0±3.2 | 0.026 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8±5.9 | 26.7±6.1 | 28.2±5.8 | 0.027 |
| Modified get-up and go test (points) | 4.5±2.7 | 2.6±2.3 | 5.6±2.2 | <0.001 |
Note: Data is formatted as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; D, diagnostic; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ND, nondiagnostic.