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. 2016 Apr 22;11:453–459. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S101369

Table 4.

Fried frailty criteria assessment of the ND and D groups according to sex

Frailty component Measurement results
Women
Men
Group ND
Group D
P-value Group ND
Group D
P-value
n x ± SD n x ± SD n x ± SD n x ± SD
Change in body weight in the last year (kg) 27 −5.2±9.3 213 −2.5±7.0 0.119 12 −7.0±8.9 112 −2.2±4.7 0.064
Handgrip strength (kg) 101 10.4±4.3 213 13.6±5.8 <0.001 36 18.0±6.9 112 28.6±10.0 <0.001
Physical capacity (CES-D scale) (points) 92 3.2±0.8 213 2.9±0.9 0.043 31 3.1±0.9 112 2.4±1.1 0.001
Transition time 4.57 m (s) 64 9.6±3.9 213 8.8±4.6 0.023 19 9.6±4.8 112 6.4±2.8 <0.001
Physical activity (kcal) 88 146±384 213 397±1,086 0.002 30 59±200 112 951±2,819 <0.001

Note: Number of ND group patients was modified according to patient performance ability of particular tests.

Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; D, diagnostic; ND, nondiagnostic; SD, standard deviation.