Table 1.
Overall sample characteristics of adolescents (N=925), living in households without dogs (n=441), households with dogs but do not walk the dogs (n=184) or households with dogs and walk the dogs ≥1 day per week (n=300) in the Seattle and Baltimore regions
| Variables of interest within ecological model levels | Total Sample Characteristics (N=925) Mean (SD) or n (%) |
Households without dogs (n=441) Mean (SD) or n (%) |
Households with dogs non-dog walkers (n=184) Mean (SD) or n (%) |
Households with dogs walkers (n=300) Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Characteristics | ||||
| Adolescent Age | 14.09 (1.40) | 14.12 (1.37) | 14.16 (1.45) | 14.02 (1.39) |
| Adolescent Gender (Male) | 460 (49.6%) | 230 (52.2%) | 91 (49.5%) | 137 (45.7%) |
| Adolescent White Non-Hispanic | 611 (66.3%) | 258 (58.9%) | 135 (73.8%) | 217 (72.8%) |
| Parent married/living with a partner | 774 (83.9%) | 363 (83.1%) | 159 (86.9%) | 251 (84.0%) |
| Parent with college degree | 695 (75.4%) | 334 (76.3%) | 132 (72.1%) | 227 (75.9%) |
| House type (single family) | 835 (90.5%) | 388 (88.8%) | 171 (93.4%) | 275 (91.7%) |
| Psychosocial Characteristics | ||||
| Confidence in ability to do PA (self-efficacy) [1–5] | 3.53 (1.00) | 3.44 (1.01) | 3.46 (0.97) | 3.72 (0.98) |
| Decisional balance: (pros of PA - cons of PA) [−5 to 5] | 2.01 (0.78) | 1.95 (0.78) | 1.98 (0.76) | 2.12 (0.79) |
| Enjoyment of PA [1–5] | 4.27 (0.98) | 4.22 (1.00) | 4.16 (1.06) | 4.41 (0.87) |
| Home Environment | ||||
| Portable electronics ownership index [0–4] | 2.91 (0.95) | 2.85 (1.00) | 2.85 (0.95) | 3.04 (0.86) |
| Electronic items/things in bedroom index [0–6] | 2.61(1.70) | 2.50 (1.61) | 2.65 (1.70) | 2.75 (1.81) |
| Activity rules index [0–14] | 8.72 (3.10) | 8.73 (3.08) | 8.74 (3.08) | 8.68 (3.12) |
| Perceived neighborhood environment (NEWS) | ||||
| Parents NEWS | ||||
| Aesthetics [1–4] | 3.12 (0.64) | 3.11 (0.62) | 3.03 (0.64) | 3.16 (0.65) |
| Traffic Safety [1–4] | 2.58 (0.88) | 2.59 (0.57) | 2.53 (0.59) | 2.60 (0.60) |
| Pedestrian Safety [1–4] | 2.83 (0.65) | 2.84 (0.65) | 2.79 (0.68) | 2.85 (0.64) |
| Low Crime Risk [1–4] | 3.09 (0.88) | 3.07 (0.87) | 3.14 (0.89) | 3.11 (0.90) |
| Low Stranger Dangers [1–4] | 3.01 (0.73) | 2.96 (0.74) | 3.07 (0.72) | 3.04 (0.72) |
| Adolescent NEWS | ||||
| Traffic Safety [1–4] | 2.73 (0.61) | 2.74 (0.59) | 2.72 (0.67) | 2.73 (0.61) |
| Pedestrian Safety [1–4] | 3.10 (0.52) | 3.11 (0.51) | 3.06 (0.52) | 3.12 (0.53) |
| Low Crime Risk [1–4] | 3.21 (0.91) | 3.21 (0.91) | 3.17 (0.89) | 3.24 (0.92) |
| Low Stranger Dangers [1–4] | 3.38 (0.74) | 3.35 (0.74) | 3.39 (0.76) | 3.41 (0.73) |
| Built environment characteristics | ||||
| Number parks [parks/sq km] | 1.46 (1.65) | 1.50 (0.17) | 1.24 (1.49) | 1.52 (1.72) |
| Residential density [housing units/parcel] | 6.27 (8.68) | 6.99 (11.47) | 5.34 (4.84) | 5.70 (4.86) |
| Street Connectivity [intersections/sq km] | 73.37 (21.57) | 74.60 (20.90) | 70.01 (20.96) | 73.41 (22.64) |
| Retail floor area ratio [building:parcel sq ft] | 0.16 (0.19) | 0.16 (0.19) | 0.13 (0.16) | 0.17 (0.20) |
| Mixed use [0=single 1=mixed] | 0.18 (0.22) | 0.18 (0.22) | 0.13 (0.18) | 0.20 (0.23) |
| Walkability index | −0.03 (2.85) | 0.14 (3.03) | −0.67 (2.52) | 0.07 (2.71) |