TABLE 1.

Demographics of Patients for Frontier and Remote (FAR) and Non-FAR EMS responses.

	Not FAR		FAR		Odds Ratio	95% CI
	(n=14,025,302)		(n=983,286 )
Demographic	n	Col %	n	Col %
Age (y) (mean, SD)*	54.1	±24.6	56.3	±24.4
Sex
Male	5,538,097	45.8	433,289	47.2	Reference
Female	6,564,609	54.2	484,912	52.8	0.94	(0.94–0.95)
Not available	1,922,596	--	65,085	--	--
Race
White	6,922,371	69.9	600,963	79.0	Reference
Black/African American	2,202,971	22.3	101,171	13.3	0.53	(0.53–0.53)
Asian	65,494	0.66	1,283	0.17	0.23	(0.21–0.24)
American Indian or Alaska Native	69,301	0.70	30,339	3.99	5.04	(4.97–5.11)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific	18,500	0.19	635	0.08	0.40	(0.37–0.43)
Other	620,898	6.27	26,008	3.42	0.48	(0.48–0.49)
Not available	4,125,767	--	222,887	--	--
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino	534,819	6.3	30,979	4.92	0.77	(0.76–0.78)
Not Hispanic or Latino	7,958,950	93.7	598,465	95.1	Reference
Not available	5,531,533	--	353,842	--	--
Primary Payer
Private Insurance	956,520	25.3	57,894	18.2	Reference
Medicare	1,213,994	32.1	140,635	44.1	1.91	(1.89–1.93)
Medicaid	542,641	14.3	46,928	14.7	1.43	(1.41–1.45)
Other government	33,316	0.88	6,167	1.93	3.06	(2.97–3.15)
Workers compensation	17,928	0.47	1,463	0.46	1.35	(1.28–1.42)
Self-Pay	674,614	17.8	43,404	13.6	1.06	(1.05–1.08)
Not billed (for any reason)	349,281	9.2	22,491	7.1	1.06	(1.05–1.08)
Not available	10,237,008	--	664,304	--	--
Alcohol & Drug Indicators (n, rate/1000 calls)
Smell of alcohol on breath	256,469	18.3	19,149	19.5	1.07	(1.05–1.08)
Pt admits to alcohol use	426,072	30.4	33,880	34.5	1.14	(1.13–1.15)
Pt admits to drug use	115,486	8.2	8,408	8.6	1.04	(1.02–1.06)
Alcohol/drugs at scene	80,169	5.7	6,683	6.8	1.19	(1.16–1.22)
None	3,030,084	216	324,673	330	1.79	(1.78–1.80)
Not available	10,365,516	--	603,804	--	--