Fig. 1.

Association between carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) score and the explained effects of this association by (A) white matter hyperintensity volume and (B) subcortical infarcts. Solid lines indicate significant associations; dashed lines indicate nonsignificant associations. Associations are given as regression coefficients (β) or odds ratios (ORs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CFPWV and white matter hyperintensity volume are indicated per higher standard deviation (SD). All associations are adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking, digit symbol substitution test score, gait speed, body mass index, diabetes, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, coronary calcium score and use of antihypertensive medication.