Table 2. Demographic and metabolic characteristics of the subjects with fasting plasma glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL subdivided into two groups according to glucose level.

Characteristic	NGT	Group 1 (100≤FPG<110)	Group 2 (110≤FPG<126)	P value
Number	37	45	79
Male sex, n (%)	13 (35.1)	23 (51.1)	45 (57.0)	0.090
FHx, %	29.73	41.5a	53.8b	0.046
Age, yr	38.70±14.28	56.09±14.11a	54.51±10.85b	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2	22.57±3.58	24.03±3.44a	25.84±3.09b,c	<0.001
AC, cm	76.97±9.91	86.23±9.18a	89.02±7.27b	<0.001
SBP, mm Hg	118.27±15.29	125.71±17.20a	124.94±14.09b	0.054
DBP, mm Hg	73.51±11.11	73.11±12.48	75.16±10.18	0.556
FPG Glc0, mg/dL	91.68±5.78	104.38±5.78a	116.3±4.70b,c	<0.001
Glc30, mg/dL	147.79±25.03	174.51±42.26a	195.33±28.73b,c	<0.001
Glc120, mg/dL	105.14±19.93	151.73±53.02a	179.28±37.29b,c	<0.001
Ins0, µIU/mL	8.32±2.63	10.16±2.63a	10.29±4.50b	0.046
Ins30, µIU/mL	51.04±29.29	51.41±29.70	46.47±37.80	0.708
Ins120, µIU/mL	36.37±25.64	67.67±44.76a	69.48±57.39b	0.007
HOMA-IR	1.89±0.63	2.62±1.15a	2.95±1.30b	<0.001
Matsuda index	7.03±2.70	5.02±2.46a	4.74±2.21b	<0.001
GUTT ISI	50.89±9.98	36.55±14.23a	32.43±13.50b	<0.001
HOMA-B	108.87±39.81	88.35±36.48a	69.95±31.11b,c	<0.001
IGI	1.00±0.99	0.69±0.49a	0.46±0.48b,c	0.001
DI	6.26±6.08	3.40±2.51a	1.33±1.65b,c	<0.001
AUC Glc0–30	197.30±23.05	229.86±35.41a	256.93±25.03b,c	<0.001
AUC Ins0–30	890.26±461.85	929.90±483.49	848.69±602.73	0.761
AUCR30	4.58±2.45	4.05±1.92	3.31±2.29	0.021
AUC Glc0–120	823.11±109.32	1021.42±198.68a	1,170.95±199.03b,c	<0.001
AUC Ins0–120	4,917.71±2,572.32	6,280.68±3,300.33	5,651.65±3,713.21	0.325
AUCRIns/Glc	6.10±3.23	6.10±2.67	4.86±3.09	0.117
C-peptide, ng/mL	1.65±0.56	2.11±0.71a	2.35±0.90b	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.53±0.35	5.88±0.47a	6.14±0.43b,c	<0.001
TC, mg/dL	188.43±37.80	206.55±41.35	203.67±44.86b	0.119
TG, mg/dL	82.33±41.30	159.66±151.30a	147.03±86.42b	0.002
HDL-C, mg/dL	60.13±15.28	54.96±13.51	52.21±14.22b	0.025
LDL-C, mg/dL	109.75±31.08	126.53±39.05a	128.77±39.52b	0.075
hs-CRP, mg/L	0.11±0.15	0.10±0.10	0.13±0.16	0.671
AST, IU/L	20.38±5.61	26.86±10.13a	27.64±9.34b	<0.001
ALT, IU/L	20.12±13.72	30.59±20.34a	29.84±20.16b	0.029
Overt DM, %	-	13.3	38.5c	0.004

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

NGT, normal glucose tolerance; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FHx, family history of diabetes; BMI, body mass index; AC, abdominal circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Glc₃₀, plasma glucose 30 minutes after glucose intake; Glc₁₂₀, plasma glucose 120 minutes after glucose intake; Ins₀, fasting plasma insulin; Ins₃₀, plasma insulin 30 minutes after glucose intake; Ins₁₂₀, plasma insulin 120 minutes after glucose intake; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Gutt ISI, Gutt insulin sensitivity index; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic β-cell function; IGI, insulinogenic index; DI, oral disposition index; AUC Glc, area under the curve for glucose; AUC Ins, area under the curve for insulin; AUCR_Ins/Glc, a ratio of the AUC Ins/AUC Glc; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; DM, diabetes mellitus.

^aP<0.05 NGT vs. group 1, ^bP<0.05 NGT vs. group 2, ^cP<0.05 group 1 vs. group 2.