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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2016 Jan 10;35(13):2283–2295. doi: 10.1002/sim.6864

Table 4.

Simulation results for average exposure during critical period of susceptibility in the past (exposure metric iii.1) (500 replicates)

β a Sample
Size
Event
%#
Test
%reject
β̂ â
MLE Str-Eff* MLE Str-Eff*
mean CR mean mean median(25th,75th)** CR mean median(25th,75th)**
0.3 5 10,000 25% 0.760 0.301 0.95 0.326 5.7 5 (4, 6) 0.95 20.5 13 (7, 34)
50,000 1.000 0.300 0.94 0.308 5.0 5 (5, 5) 0.97 15.6 8 (6, 22)
100,000 1.000 0.300 0.95 0.305 5.0 5 (5, 5) 0.96 12.5 7 (6, 11)
50,000 5% 0.802 0.302 0.95 0.326 5.6 5 (4, 6) 0.94 21.7 17 (7, 35)
100,000 0.984 0.302 0.94 0.317 5.2 5 (5, 5) 0.96 19.4 11 (7, 32)
10 10,000 25% 0.352 0.300 0.97 0.335 12.7 11 (10, 13) 0.90 27.5 24 (13, 42)
50,000 0.960 0.305 0.94 0.318 11.3 11 (11, 12) 0.96 26.9 22 (14, 41)
100,000 0.998 0.305 0.92 0.312 11.2 11 (11, 11) 0.96 23.9 16 (13, 36)
50,000 5% 0.342 0.299 0.95 0.333 12.7 11 (10, 13) 0.92 28.4 27 (14, 42)
100,000 0.632 0.300 0.95 0.324 12.0 11 (11, 13) 0.92 27.6 23 (14, 43)
25 10,000 25% 0.400 0.299 0.93 0.321 24.6 25 (19, 32) 0.85 33.8 33 (26, 42)
50,000 0.984 0.303 0.93 0.308 25.6 25 (23, 27) 0.91 34.5 32 (27, 42)
100,000 1.000 0.302 0.95 0.307 25.1 25 (24, 26) 0.96 34.2 32 (27, 40)
50,000 5% 0.422 0.302 0.92 0.325 25.4 25 (19, 31) 0.88 35.2 35 (27, 43)
100,000 0.746 0.302 0.92 0.314 25.6 25 (22, 29) 0.88 34.7 33 (27, 42)
35 10,000 25% 0.310 0.292 0.89 0.320 28.4 32 (18, 38) 0.87 39.8 41 (35, 49)
50,000 0.954 0.305 0.90 0.311 35.8 36 (33, 38) 0.88 42.3 42 (37, 48)
100,000 1.00 0.304 0.93 0.308 35.9 36 (34, 38) 0.89 43.2 43 (38, 49)
50,000 5% 0.344 0.299 0.91 0.327 25.6 26 (20, 32) 0.82 36.6 37 (28, 48)
100,000 0.638 0.299 0.89 0.314 33.0 35 (28, 40) 0.84 42.0 43 (37, 48)
0.0 10,000 25% 0.046 0.002 0.97 0.005 N/A
50,000 0.058 0.000 0.95 0.000 N/A
100,000 0.055 0.000 0.95 0.000 N/A
50,000 5% 0.046 −0.001 0.97 0.001 N/A
100,000 0.053 −0.002 0.97 −0.002 N/A

Time range is (0, 50), and exposure is available at t = 0, 1, …, 50. For notations in the table header, see the footnotes of Table 3.